It’s True: Fracking Causes Earthquakes & 2016 is Already at Risk



Susanne.Posel-Headline.News.Official- earthquakes.usgs.fracking_occupycorporatismSusanne Posel ,Chief Editor Occupy Corporatism | Media Spokesperson, HEALTH MAX Brands

 

US Geological Survey (USGS) released a map of risks of damaging earthquakes for 2016, showing that man-made earthquakes are becoming a bigger and potentially more costly quakes than felt previously.

Susanne.Posel-Headline.News.Official- usgs.fracking.earthquakes.2016_occupycorporatismAccording to the map, areas east of the Rockies are more likely to shake because of hydraulic fracturing. Other parts of the country are at risk, including:

• California
• Oklahoma
• Texas
• New Mexico
• Kansas
• Colorado
• Arkansas

Mark Petersen, chief of the National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project (NSHMP) explained that the earthquakes expected will not be “massive… that kill hundreds or thousands of people and leave devastation in their wake.”

Petersen did point out that “there’s a lot of shaking going on in Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas.”

To break it down, Petersen said that Dallas is at an increasing risk of 2 to 5 percent; as well as north-central Oklahoma which is at a 12% risk.

In 2015, the Southern Methodist University (SMU) and the University of Colorado (UC) with the assistance of the USGS published a study showing an “unprecedented” rise in earthquakes in central states such as Texas and Oklahoma.

SMU researchers found that the increase in seismic activity in Texas is directly correlated with fluid injection wells which happen to be near by the center of the earthquake.

Based on analysis, “quakes that struck within nine miles of an active injection well were considered to be associated with that well. More than 18,000 wells — or about 10 percent — were associated with earthquakes, primarily in Texas and Oklahoma.”

With the increase in injection wells annually, the seismic activity in those regions rose in tandem showing a direct causation of injection well use and earthquake phenomenon.

In 2013 and 2014, Fort Worth, Texas saw an increase of earthquakes due to these wastewater disposal wells.

The conclusion of this study showed: “Wastewater wells are more than 1.5 times as likely as other types of injection wells to be associated with quakes. Wells that inject more than 300,000 barrels of wastewater per month, known as high-rate injection wells, were disproportionately associated with ground shaking.”

This study confirmed a previously published research paper by Stanford geologists who identified that the “disposal of salty wastewater into the Arbuckle formation, a 7,000-foot-deep” into sedimentary formations under Oklahoma have caused the recent elevation of earthquakes in the state.

Interestingly, this study pointed to wastewater, not “flow back water” that caused these earthquakes.

Wastewater is generated by the hydraulic fracturing process. In effect, it is “fluid injection responsible for most of the recent quakes in Oklahoma is due to production and subsequent injection of massive amounts of wastewater, and is unrelated to hydraulic fracturing.”

In the same year, the USGS combined efforts with the the University of Colorado (UC), the Oklahoma Geological Survey (OGS) and the Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory (LBNL) conducted a study on the sudden man-made earthquakes happening in Oklahoma, California, Pennsylvania and Ohio and found that hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is the causation.

Data from the Coordinating Council on Seismic Activity (CCSA) on oil and natural gas producers was given to the researchers to determine the correlation between earthquakes and fracking.

The researchers wrote: “Large areas of the United States long considered geologically stable with little or no detected seismicity have recently become seismically active. This elevated activity includes larger earthquakes that have caused significant damage. To a large extent, the increasing rate of earthquakes in the mid-continent is due to fluid-injection activities used in modern energy production. We explore potential avenues for mitigating effects of induced seismicity.”

It was determined that the practice of fracking, including the use of “industrial wastewater” in injection wells for “carbon sequestration and storage” contaminates “underground reservoirs … [and] can cause earthquakes.”

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