Iran enriching uranium to 20% purity in significant breach of nuclear deal

Iran says it has begun enriching uranium to 20 per cent purity, its most significant breach yet of the 2015 accord that placed limits on its nuclear technology programme.

Government spokesman Ali Rabiei said on Monday that Iran had begun increasing enrichment to levels beyond the five per cent threshold necessary for fueling power reactors early in the morning at its underground mountain facility in Fordow, which itself was a site that was supposed to be mothballed under the terms of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the nuclear deal that was abandoned by the administration of departing President Donald Trump.in 2018.

Uranium enriched to 20 per cent is not enough to fuel a bomb, which requires purity levels of 80 percent or higher. Iran agreed to give up all of its 20 per cent uranium stockpile under the terms of the JCPOA. While enriching uranium is a technically complicated and difficult process, enriching to higher levels is much easier once the initial stages have been mastered, according to physicists.  

Mr Rabiei said the International Atomic Energy Agency has been notified of Iran’s decision. If verified by inspectors, Iran’s move would complicate any efforts by the administration of President-elect Joseph Biden to re-enter the deal once he takes office on 20 January, as well as an ongoing attempt to keep the JCPOA alive by its other signatories, including the United Kingdom, Germany and France.

It comes just weeks after the assassination of military scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, deemed the father of Iran’s nuclear programme, in a hit pinned on Israel. Iran has vowed to retaliate in a number of ways for the killing, including ramping up dormant sections of its nuclear programme.

Tensions between the US and Iran have also escalated in recent weeks. On Sunday, the US military announced it was reversing a decision to remove an battleship group led by the USS Nimitz from the Persian Gulf, citing “threats” against Mr Trump.

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