The imperial hubris of “the good war”

In his excellent new book Reign of Terror Spencer Ackerman reminds us that the Taliban offered the United States peace terms a few months after 9/11. The U.S. would have been negotiating at the height of its leverage, but Rumsfeld said no. I remember a Weekend Update joke on SNL at the time. Something like, “The United States declined the offer but admitted it was nice to laugh again.”

Twenty years later, who’s laughing? 71,000 Afghan civilians dead. 170,000 Afghan combatants killed. 2,000 American soldiers gone. Death on that scale isn’t cheap. It took $2.26 trillion in taxpayer money. The government that the United States spent two decades trying to prop up collapsed in a matter of days. That was entirely predictable for anyone paying close attention. The Taliban resurgence has been occurring for years, largely ignored by the mainstream media. Those terms that were regarded as comical in 2001? It’s basically what Trump failed to secure from the Taliban in 2019.

(Image: Carlos Latuff)
(Image: Carlos Latuff)

Biden’s speech defending withdrawal was a terrible exercise in imperial hubris. He implemented the same tired tropes about Afghans letting the U.S. down and framed the occupation as some benign attempt to establish democracy. Beyond Afghanistan his foreign policy has largely been terrible but credit where it’s due. He’s cleared the very low bar of declaring he was going to leave and actually following through with it. It’s something neither Obama nor Trump delivered on.

It was nearly impossible to trust much of what Trump used to say and his political vision seemingly shifted every other day but millions of people sincerely believed that Obama was going to reverse the awful policies of the Bush era. A month after Osama bin Laden was killed Obama declared that the United States was reaching its goals in Afghanistan and that he’d begin withdrawing troops.

And he did! In 2011 there were about 100,000 troops in Afghanistan and by March 2015 that number was down to 9,800. However, in 2016 he went back on his promise. Rereading the New York Times on the reversal is comical and devastating:

Mr. Obama cast his decision as a vote of confidence in Afghanistan’s government, led by President Ashraf Ghani, as well as in the support of NATO members and other partners, who have contributed 6,000 troops. But it also underscores the fact that American hopes of building an Afghan force capable of securing the entire country had fallen short.

That Times piece notes that John McCain and Lindsey Graham both supported Obama’s decision. It also quotes Massachusetts Rep. Jim McGovern: “We are engaged in what appears to be an endless war, with no strategy about how to end the conflict and disengage our troops.”

Obama didn’t just boost the war via troop levels. His ascent effectively neutralized an antiwar movement that had been reinvigorated under Bush. Professors Fabio Rojas and Michael Heaney detail this development in their great book Party in the Street: The Antiwar Movement and the Democratic Party after 9/11. Here’s Rojas explaining their argument to Jacobin in 2018:

The main argument that Michael and I propose in our book is that support for the antiwar movement overlapped with support for the Democratic Party. So, in other words, when people were coming out to protest, they were protesting the war and using it as an opportunity to protest George Bush and the Republican Party.

So what happens is when the party moves on — when the Democratic Party starts to get victories and they start getting elected to office — there’s less of a motivation. Those identities start diverging from each other.

People have to make the choice, maybe unconsciously, where they could say, “You know, I could keep protesting the war, but does that make Obama look bad? Is that an issue we want to avoid?” And in the case of the antiwar movement, partisan motivations and partisan identities won the day.

The primary evidence for this is that the size and composition of antiwar movement changed dramatically over the course of the 2000s. We surveyed about ten thousand protesters from 2004 to 2011. We also collected data on protest event size from various sources, such as the National Parks Service and various media outlets. We discovered that around 2004 and 2005, protests were relatively large, attracting hundreds of thousands of people. We also found that about 50 percent of the people we surveyed at these events claimed to be Democrats. By 2008, the size of the protests had collapsed, to hundreds of people, and only about 20 percent claimed to be Democrats.

The Bush administration always framed the “War on Terror” as some epic battle between Good and Evil. There was no nuance and no distinctions. This position was sold to a fearful public so it didn’t take a whole lot of work to, say, fabricate a connection between Al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussein. Obama’s vision was different. He was a critic of the Iraq War but not the overriding assumptions that fueled it. It’s worth revisiting his famous 2002 speech on that war. He makes his position quite clear:

I know that even a successful war against Iraq will require a U.S. occupation of undetermined length, at undetermined cost, with undetermined consequences. I know that an invasion of Iraq without a clear rationale and without strong international support will only fan the flames of the Middle East, and encourage the worst, rather than best, impulses of the Arab world, and strengthen the recruitment arm of al-Qaida. I am not opposed to all wars. I’m opposed to dumb wars.

This became the popular Democratic position of the time: Iraq was a dumb war and it was diverting attention from our noble battle in Afghanistan. Here’s hoping this belief finally died in Kabul.

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