US closes embassy in Syria as diplomatic pressure mounts on Assad

“It is very important for us to try to resolve this without recourse to
outside military intervention,” he told NBC. “And I think that’s possible.”

The decision to close the US embassy came amid renewed diplomatic efforts
against Damascus after a United Nations resolution condemning the violent
repression of anti-regime protests was vetoed by Russia and China over the
weekend.

As William Hague, the Foreign Secretary, prepared to give a Commons statement
on Syria, Downing Street said the actions of Russia and China were “incomprehensible
and inexcusable”.

“Clearly there is a tragedy unfolding in that country,” said a
spokesman.

“Russia and China are protecting a regime that is killing thousands of
people. We find their position incomprehensible and inexcusable.”

President Nicolas Sarkozy of France meanwhile said he would speak with
President Dmitry Medvedev of Russia to discuss the situation in Syria, which
he described as a “scandal”.

“France and Germany will not abandon the Syrian people,” Mr Sarkozy
said after a Franco-German summit in Paris with German Chancellor Angela
Merkel.

“What’s happening is a scandal. We will not accept that the international
community remains blocked,” he continued, adding that Francois Fillon,
the prime minister, would also speak to Vladmir Putin, Russian prime
minister and power behind the throne.

France and Germany have backed the idea of a Syrian “contact group”, which
would see European countries and the Arab League join forces to provide a
diplomatic forum for anti-Syrian measures. A similar group was created
against Col Muammar Gaddafi in Libya.

Russia still hopes to play a diplomatic role with Mr Assad, a long-term ally
and buyer of Moscow’s arms exports. Sergei Lavrov, the Russian foreign
minister, is due to fly to Damascus on Tuesday to hold talks with the Syrian
president.

Paris has been prominent in Western efforts to try to force Assad to end a
bloody crackdown on protests that has claimed at least 6,000 lives.

Mr Sarkozy has raised the possibility of creating zones to protect civilians,
the first proposal by a Western power for outside intervention on the
ground.

Mrs Merkel said she was “appalled” by Russia’s obstruction of the UN
Security council resolution.

“I have to say here, Russia must ask itself if we are really in a
historical situation where policy should be made separately from the Arab
League. I can’t imagine that this will prove to be a big success,” she
said.

The idea of a “Friends of Syria” group was mooted over the weekend by Mr
Sarkozy and Alain Juppé, the French foreign minister. “We are going to help
the Syrian opposition to structure itself, to get organised,” Mr Juppé said.

“Europe will further tighten the sanctions imposed on the Syrian regime and
then we are going to try to ratchet up international pressure and there will
come a time when the regime will be obliged to acknowledge that it is
totally isolated and that it cannot continue.”

But diplomatic sources say France is intent on avoiding forming a “Western
front” against the Syrian regime, preferring that the Arab League play a
central role. A meeting is slated “in the coming days”, the sources told Le
Figaro newspaper.

Qatar, who currently holds the presidency of the Arab League, could play a
pivotal role, both in stepping up sanctions and – potentially – coordinating
military aid to the Syrian opposition, analysts said.

“A great deal of sanctions decided by member states have still not been
applied, like for example the suspension of air routes between Damascas and
Arab capitals,” Hazem Nahar, a Syrian opposition figure based in Qatar told
Le Monde. “If all these measures became effective, the regime would have
much more trouble paying its chabiha – pro-regime miltita – and security
service members. That could accelerate its collapse.”

“Western countries are terrified by the idea of military intervention,” said
David Roberts of the Royal United Services Institute in Doha. “But after the
Russian-Chinese veto, the Qataris could feel more authorised to send money,
arms and instructors to members of the Free Syrian Army,” he told Le Monde.

Gérard Longuet, the French defence miniser, kept up criticism of the UN veto
saying: “It’s a disgrace for the countries that refuse to assume their
responsibilities.”

“There are political cultures which deserve a kick in the ass. To accept that
a dictator can operate freely is disgraceful for governments that accept
it,” he told Europe 1 radio.

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