Common Skin Cancer a Chronic Condition, Study Says

THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) — Here’s yet another reason to
go easy on the tanning this summer: A new study affirms that basal cell
carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer, should be viewed as a
chronic disease.

That’s because once most people have a single occurrence, they are at
risk of getting another.

Basal cell carcinoma has generally been viewed as something that comes
up, is treated and cured,” said Dr. Martin Weinstock, a study co-author
and professor of dermatology at the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown
University in Providence, R.I. “For someone with an isolated lesion,
that’s a reasonable way of looking at it. But most people are constantly
at risk of this and will be getting more.”

The study confirmed what was commonly understood about the disease: a
prior history of basal cell carcinoma is the greatest risk for another
lesion. But the research found that eczema may also predict a recurrence
among those at high risk for the disease. Those with a family history of
eczema had a 1.54 times greater risk than those without.

Older age, sun sensitivity, intense sun exposure before age 30, and use
of certain blood pressure-lowering medications (angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers) were also associated
with increased risk.

Why would eczema, a chronic skin disorder that involves scaly and itchy
rashes, be associated with basal cell carcinoma? Weinstock said it’s
unclear. “There may be some differences in these people’s immune systems
compared to people without eczema,” he said, noting that other
investigators need to confirm the findings.

Having other types of skin cancer or actinic keratoses (scaly or crusty
growths caused by sun damage) did not appear to raise the chances for
basal cell carcinoma.

The study was published online July 19 in the Journal of
Investigative Dermatology
and funded by the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs. It involved more than 1,100 people, nearly all men, all
veterans, with a median age of 72.

On average, each participant had more than three instances of basal
cell cancer or squamous cell cancer (another type of skin cancer) before
participating in the research. During the study period, 44 percent
developed new basal cell cancers, and those with the most basal cell
cancers in the five years before the study had the most recurrences.

Study participants with more than five prior basal cell cancers were
nearly four times as likely to develop a new one as those with one or no
prior skin cancers. And their risk was twice as high as those with three
previous skin cancers, the study found.

Now the most common cancer in the United States, basal cell carcinoma
begins in the outer layer of the skin, often as a small white or
flesh-colored bump that grows slowly and sometimes bleeds. While these
cancers rarely spread, they must be removed or treated, usually in a
physician’s office with local anesthetic.

Weinstock said researchers are eager to find a preventive medication to
guard against the recurrence of basal cell carcinoma. Last year a team he
led concluded that topical tretinoin did not prevent new basal cell
cancers in high-risk patients. Now he is involved in a study looking at
whether 5-Fluorouracil, a compound used to treat actinic keratoses, may
prevent basal cell cancer when given intravenously.

Dr. Jean Tang, an assistant professor in the department of dermatology
at Stanford University School of Medicine who is familiar with the study,
said the most important thing for patients to know is that if you have had
a basal cell carcinoma, you have a 44 percent chance of getting
another.

“This study doesn’t change any clinical guidelines or recommendations,”
she added. Current advice still stands: “Get an annual skin assessment by
your dermatologist,” she said.

More information

To learn more about skin cancer, visit the U.S.
National Cancer Institute
.

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