Exercise May Boost Survival in Breast, Colon Cancer Patients

TUESDAY, May 8 (HealthDay News) — Being physically active might
lengthen the lives of people with breast and colon cancer, a new study
suggests.

Exercise may also benefit patients with other cancers, but there is no
substantial evidence to make that claim, the researchers added.

“We have lots of data that says physical activity after a cancer
diagnosis is generally safe and is associated with many improvements in
overall quality of life, and these data suggest that it may even be
beneficial in terms of prolonging life,” said lead researcher Dr. Rachel
Ballard-Barbash, associate director of the applied research program in the
division of cancer control and population science at the U.S. National
Cancer Institute.

“For many years, we have tended to think of a diagnosis of cancer being
fatal, but as we are diagnosing people much earlier and receiving
effective treatment, they’re living for a long time with their cancer,”
she said.

Cancer is becoming more of a chronic disease, Ballard-Barbash
explained.

“Because of that, many people actually are at risk for other chronic
diseases, like heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, and physical
activity is well known to be beneficial for these conditions,” she
added.

The report was published in the May 8 issue of the Journal of the
National Cancer Institute
.

For the study, Ballard-Barbash’s team analyzed 27 observational studies
published between January 1950 and August 2011 that looked at cancer
survival and physical activity.

The evidence of these benefits was strongest for breast cancer
patients, where exercise significantly reduced death from all causes
including breast cancer, the researchers found. Strong data also existed
for improved survival among colon cancer patients.

The researchers also looked at other randomized controlled studies that
suggested exercise benefited patients in a variety of ways, including
improving insulin levels, reducing inflammation and possibly improving the
body’s immune system.

Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a professor of nutrition and epidemiology at
the Harvard School of Public Health and author of an accompanying journal
editorial, said that “even though direct cancer effects of physical
activity are not definitively proven, given that physical activity is
generally safe, improves quality of life for cancer patients and has
numerous other health benefits, adequate physical activity should be a
standard part of cancer care.”

“The vast majority of cancer patients will likely benefit to some
degree from physical activity,” he added.

Few factors have shown as much promise in extending the lives of cancer
survivors, Giovannucci wrote.

“Many treatments may increase survival, but at a cost of quality of
life; physical activity may not only extend life but also enhances its
quality,” he added.

Samantha Heller, a dietitian, nutritionist, exercise physiologist and
clinical nutrition coordinator of the Center for Cancer Care at Griffin
Hospital, in Derby, Conn., said that “we have evidence to suggest that
physical activity not only improves survival of people living with cancer,
but it also decreases the risk of many other chronic diseases.”

“Conversely, physical inactivity has been associated with many cancers
including breast, colon, prostate, pancreas and melanoma,” she said.

Because of certain chemotherapy and radiation therapy treatments for
cancer, survivors may be at an increased risk of additional cancers and
chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, Heller said.

“Therefore, a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise and a
healthy diet is essential for survivors to reduce the risk of cancer
recurrences and other diseases,” she said.

Regular physical activity also improves sleep, psychological and
emotional well-being and helps manage stress, Heller said.

“The number of cancer survivors is, happily, growing in the U.S.,” she
said. “We need to get the word out to them that exercise, whether it is
walking, dancing, running, swimming or hula hooping, will boost their
health, fitness level and quality of life.”

More information

For more about exercise and cancer, visit the U.S. National Cancer Institute.

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