Higher Cancer Rate Seen in Children With Juvenile Arthritis

MONDAY, Feb. 13 (HealthDay News) — The cancer rate in children with
juvenile arthritis is four times higher than in other children, a new
study says.

This increased risk of cancer isn’t necessarily linked to arthritis
treatments, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, according to
the study published online Feb. 13 in the journal Arthritis
Rheumatism
.

In the United States, TNF inhibitors carry a “black box” warning about
the potential cancer risk associated with the drugs.

In this study, the researchers analyzed 2000-2005 Medicaid data from
more than 7,800 children with juvenile arthritis and comparison groups of
about 650,000 children with asthma and nearly 322,000 children with
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

The incidence rate of probable and highly probable cancers in children
with juvenile arthritis was 4.4 times higher than in the other groups of
children.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in children is a general term
covering different types of chronic arthritis. Symptoms, similar to adult
arthritis, include joint pain, swelling, tenderness and stiffness.

“While our findings show children with [juvenile idiopathic arthritis]
have a higher incidence of cancer compared to peers without JIA, the
greater frequency of malignancy does not appear to be necessarily
associated with treatment, including use of TNF inhibitors,” concluded Dr.
Timothy Beukelman, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, in a
journal news release.

“This highlights the critical importance of appropriate comparator
groups when evaluating the safety of new medications. Further confirmation
of our findings with large-scale and long-term investigation of the
association between cancer and [juvenile arthritis] and its treatment is
needed,” he added.

Most of the children with juvenile arthritis in the study were treated
with injections of etanercept, a soluable TNF-receptor blocker. Other
anti-TNF drugs that work by different mechanisms may yield different
results, Dr. Karen Onel and Dr. Kenan Onel from the University of Chicago
noted in an accompanying journal editorial.

But, “By focusing on the possible cancer risk associated with the use
of TNF inhibitors, the underlying cancer risk associated with [juvenile
arthritis] may have been understated, and it is important to make
patients, families and physicians aware of the possible late consequences
of this disease,” they added in the news release.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin
Diseases has more about juvenile arthritis.

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