Study of Retired NFL Players Finds Evidence of Brain Damage

FRIDAY, June 29 (HealthDay News) — Tests performed on a group of
retired NFL players revealed that more than 40 percent suffered from
problems such as depression and dementia, adding to a growing pile of
evidence that repeated sports-related head traumas can lead to lasting
neurological issues.

Analyzing 34 ex-professional football players (average age 62) on
benchmarks such as memory, reasoning, problem-solving and behavior,
researchers from the Center for Brain Health at the University of Texas at
Dallas found that 20 tested normal while the rest suffered from
depression, various deficits in memory/thinking or a combination of these
issues. Twenty-six of the players also underwent MRI scans.

“We picked up that many guys were depressed but didn’t know it,” added
study author Dr. John Hart, medical science director at the center. “The
cognitive impairments . . . were more than what’s expected for their ages.
A lot had damage to their brain’s white matter, so for us it’s a real clue
or marker to look for.”

Hart is scheduled to present the findings Friday at the National
Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) annual meeting in St. Louis.
Research presented at scientific meetings should be considered preliminary
until it is published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

An estimated 300,000 sports-related concussions occur in the United
States each year, and mounting attention is being paid to the neurological
toll of those injuries on former professional athletes. In June, a massive
bundle of lawsuits representing more than 2,100 National Football League
players was filed against the league, claiming that the NFL hid
information linking football-related head injuries to permanent brain
damage.

Hart’s study involved ex-NFL athletes hailing from the North Texas
region. For comparison purposes, the researchers also looked at the brains
of 26 people with no signs of mental deficits, selected from the general
population and matched for age, education and IQ.

Of the eight former players who were found to have depression — the
finding that most surprised Hart — most didn’t exhibit the mood issues
such as sadness that are typically associated with the condition, he
said.

Instead, “there was a lack of energy, initiative or sex drive and
disrupted sleep, with weight gain or loss,” Hart said. “They would
ruminate or get anxious about stuff, but they weren’t crying. They were
shocked or surprised [at the finding], because they didn’t think they had
symptoms at all.”

The results highlight the need to actively inquire about depressive
symptoms among those who have suffered concussions, Hart said.
Additionally, it’s important to “let the brain rest and heal” following
concussions instead of charging back onto the field — which opens players
to a phenomenon known as “second-impact syndrome.” The brain can swell
catastrophically when a second concussion occurs before symptoms of the
first have abated.

Promoting a healthier approach to concussion recovery will take the
cooperation of players, coaches, parents and even teachers at the high
school or college level, who need to understand that even the mental
exertion required in the classroom can be detrimental to getting better,
added Paul J. Krawietz, director of the athletic training education
program in the department of kinesiology at the University of Texas at
Arlington.

“The testing and note-taking can exacerbate symptoms or make them worse
if a student comes back too soon,” Krawietz said. “People know symptoms
can be made worse by physical exertion, but often they don’t think about
the cognitive component, that thinking can make things worse.”

More information

Find out more about sports-related concussions at the University of Pittsburgh.

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