Could Compound in Artificial Sweeteners Worsen Crohn’s Disease?

MONDAY, May 21 (HealthDay News) — The food additive
maltodextrin, commonly used in some artificial sweeteners, may worsen
Crohn’s disease by encouraging the growth of E. coli bacteria in the small
intestine, a new study suggests.

However, researchers stressed that the findings are preliminary and the
tests were conducted in the lab, not in people, so it’s too soon to advise
those with the inflammatory bowel disease to avoid maltodextrin.

Maltodextrin is a white powder used in many processed foods as a
thickener or a filler, including the artificial sweeteners Splenda and
Equal, along with cereal, canned fruits, packaged desserts, instant
pudding, sauces and salad dressings. Maltodextrin, typically derived from
corn or wheat starch, is also used in some medication coatings.

In the study, researchers placed Equal, Splenda and another sweetener,
Stevia, in a dish along with E. coli bacteria taken from people with
Crohn’s disease. While E. coli is commonly found in the digestive tract of
humans, it’s usually found in the large intestine, explained senior study
author Christine McDonald, assistant staff in the pathobiology department
at the Cleveland Clinic’s Lerner Research Institute. Prior research has
found that people with Crohn’s tend to have E. coli in their small
intestine.

Though the precise role that E. coli plays in Crohn’s is unknown, it’s
thought that the bacteria may contribute to the inflammation that marks
the condition.

When grown in the dish with the Equal (which contains aspartame,
dextrose and maltodextrin) and the Splenda (which contains sucralose,
dextrose and maltodextrin), the E. coli grew stickier, forming a thick
biofilm, according to the researchers. The same didn’t happen with the
Stevia, which is made from the leaves of a South American plant and does
not contain maltodextrin.

Researchers then repeated the experiments, culturing E. coli with
maltodextrin alone, and the same sticky biofilm formed.

“In the lab, the E. coli becomes stickier, and it sticks to intestinal
cells,” said McDonald, who conducted the research with graduate student
Kourtney Nickerson. “But we haven’t tested this in animals to see if there
is a particular amount you need to eat to have this effect. It may be that
in people who have other risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease, this
may tip them over the edge.”

The study, which was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health,
was to be presented Monday at the Digestive Disease Week meeting in San
Diego.

Crohn’s disease is an inflammation of the digestive tract that can lead
to swelling, pain and ulcers. Although the disease can affect any part of
the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus, the most common spot is
the small intestine.

It’s unknown what causes the disease, although it’s believed that
microbes — along with genetics and other environmental factors — play a
role, said Dr. Jerrold Turner, an associate chair in the department of
pathology at the University of Chicago.

A healthy gut contains a multitude of bacteria that aid in the
digestion of food and extraction of nutrients from foods. A healthy
intestine has a layer of mucus that keeps the bacteria away from the
lining of the intestine itself. Prior studies have found that, in people
with Crohn’s, the thickness of that mucus layer decreases, meaning there
are more bacteria directly on the cells lining the intestine, possibly
leading to inflammation, Turner explained.

The sticky biofilm may also mean there are more bacteria on the lining
of the intestines, McDonald said.

No specific diet has been shown to prevent or treat Crohn’s disease,
according to the U.S. National Digestive Diseases Information
Clearinghouse. However, the incidence of Crohn’s has been rising in the
United States in recent decades, leading researchers to suspect that
something about the modern American diet is contributing.

In addition, many people with the disease notice that certain foods or
types of foods seem to make their symptoms worse.

McDonald said people with Crohn’s may want to try avoiding maltodextrin
and see if their symptoms improve, but she and Turner both said more needs
to be learned before they recommend that people with Crohn’s or a
susceptibility to Crohn’s avoid the additive.

“It’s a very interesting and provocative finding, and [it] may tell us
something about the bacteria and what is happening in the intestines, but
it’s really too preliminary to make any recommendations,” Turner said.

A group representing the artificial sweetener industry said the finding
was too preliminary to prompt any changes in how artificial sweeteners are
made or sold.

“This study was done on cells in petri dishes, therefore it is not
possible to apply these findings to humans,” the Calorie Control Council
said in a statement released Monday. “Even the researcher has stated that
it is too early to conclude that maltodextrin promotes disease. Further
research is needed before any human nutrition recommendations can be
made.”

Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and
conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a
peer-reviewed journal.

More information

The U.S. National Digestive Diseases Information
Clearinghouse
has more on Crohn’s.

You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.

Leave a Reply

Powered by WordPress | Designed by: Premium WordPress Themes | Thanks to Themes Gallery, Bromoney and Wordpress Themes