Leading British Muslim leader faces war crimes charges in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s Law and Justice Minister, Shafique Ahmed, said: “He was an
instrument of killing intellectuals. He will be charged, for sure.”

For 25 years after independence from Britain, the country now known as
Bangladesh was part of Pakistan, even though the two halves were a thousand
miles apart with India between them. In 1971, Bangla resentment at the “colonial”
nature of Pakistani rule broke out into a full-scale revolt.

Hundreds of thousands of civilians were massacred by Pakistani troops.

Mr Mueen-Uddin, then a journalist on the Purbodesh newspaper in Dhaka,
was a member of a fundamentalist party, Jamaat-e-Islami, which supported
Pakistan in the war. In the closing days, as it became clear that Pakistan
had lost, he is accused of being part of a collaborationist Bangla militia,
the Al-Badr Brigade, which rounded up, tortured and killed prominent
citizens to deprive the new state of its intellectual and cultural elite.

The widow of one such victim, Dolly Chaudhury, claims to have identified Mr
Mueen-Uddin as one of three men who abducted her husband, Mufazzal Haider
Chaudhury, a prominent scholar of Bengali literature, on the night of 14
December 1971.

“I was able to identify one [of the abductors], Mueen-Uddin,” she
said in video testimony, seen by The Sunday Telegraph, which will
form part of the prosecution case.

“He was wearing a scarf but my husband pulled it down as he was taken
away. When he was a student, he often used to go to my brother in law’s
house. My husband, my sister-in-law, my brother-in-law, we all recognised
that man.”

Professor Chaudhury was never seen again.

Also among the as yet untested testimony is the widow of another victim, who
claims that Mr Mueen-Uddin was in the group that abducted her husband,
Sirajuddin Hussain, another journalist, from their home on the night of 10
December 1971.

“There was no doubt that he was the person involved in my husband’s
abduction and killing,” said Noorjahan Seraji. One of the other members
of the group, who was caught soon afterwards, allegedly gave Mr
Mueen-Uddin’s name in his confession.

Another reporter on Purbodesh, Ghulam Mostafa, also disappeared.

The vanished journalist’s brother, Dulu, said he appealed to Mr Mueen-Uddin
for help and was taken around the main Pakistani Army detention and torture
centres by Mr Mueen-Uddin. Dulu Mostafa said that Mr Mueen-Uddin appeared to
be well known at the detention centres, gained easy admission to the
premises and was saluted by the Pakistani guards as he entered. Ghulam was
never found.

Mr Mueen-Uddin’s then editor at the paper, Atiqur Rahman, said that Mr
Mueen-Uddin had been the first journalist in the country to reveal the
existence of the Al-Badr Brigade and had demonstrated intimate knowledge of
its activities.

After his colleagues disappeared, he said, Mr Mueen-Uddin had asked for his
home address. Fearing that he too would be abducted, the editor gave a fake
address. Mr Rahman’s name, complete with the fake address, appeared on a
Al-Badr death list found just after the end of the war.

“I gave that address only to Chowdhury Mueen-Uddin, and when that list
appeared it was obvious that he had given that address to Al Badr,” Mr
Rahman said in statements given to the investigators.

“I’m sure I gave the address to no-one else.”

Mr Rahman then published a front-page story and picture about Mr Mueen-Uddin,
who had by that stage left the city, naming him as involved in “disappearances.”

This brought forward two further witnesses, Mushtaqur and Mahmudur Rahman, who
claim they recognised the picture as somebody who had been part of an armed
group looking for the BBC correspondent in Dhaka during the abductions. The
group was unsuccessful because the BBC man had gone into hiding.

Toby Cadman, Mr Mueen-Uddin’s lawyer, said on Saturday: “No formal
allegations have been put to Mr Mueen-Uddin and therefore it is not
appropriate to issue any formal response. Any and all allegations that Mr Mueen-Uddin
committed or participated in any criminal conduct during the Liberation War
of 1971 that have been put in the past will continue to be strongly denied
in their entirety.

“For the Chief Investigator to be making such public comment raises
serious questions as to the integrity of the investigation. The Chief
Investigator will be aware that the decision as to the bringing of charges
is made by the Prosecutor and not an investigator.

“Therefore, the comments by the Chief Investigator are highly improper and
serves as a further basis for raising the question as to whether a fair
trial may be guaranteed before the International Crimes Tribunal in
Bangladesh.

“The statement by the Bangladesh Minister for Law, Justice and
Parliamentary Affairs is a clear declaration of guilt and in breach of the
presumption of innocence.”

Since moving to the UK in the early 1970s, Mr Mueen-Uddin has taken British
citizenship and built a successful career as a community activist and Muslim
leader.

In 1989 he was a key leader of protests against the Salman Rushdie book, The
Satanic Verses
.

Around the same time he helped to found the extremist Islamic Forum of Europe,
Jamaat-e-Islami’s European wing, which believes in creating a sharia state
in Europe and in 2010 was accused by a Labour minister, Jim Fitzpatrick, of
infiltrating the Labour Party.

Tower Hamlets’ directly-elected mayor, Lutfur Rahman, was expelled from Labour
for his close links with the IFE.

Until 2010 Mr Mueen-Uddin was vice-chairman of the controversial East London
Mosque, controlled by the IFE, in which capacity he greeted Prince Charles
when the heir to the throne opened an extension to the mosque. He was also
closely involved with the Muslim Council of Britain, which has been
dominated by the IFE.

He was chairman and remains a trustee of the IFE-linked charity, Muslim Aid,
which has a budget of £20 million. He has also been closely involved in the
Markfield Institute, the key institution of Islamist higher education in the
UK.

The International Crimes Tribunal, a new body set up to try alleged “war
criminals” from the 1971 war, has already begun trying some
Bangladesh-based leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami.

Trials were originally supposed to start soon after the war but were cancelled
by the military after a coup.

The new tribunal was welcomed by most Bangladeshis and international human
rights groups as finally bringing justice and closure for the massive abuses
suffered by civilians in 1971.

However, it is now subject to growing international criticism. Human Rights
Watch said that the ICT’s proceedings “fall short of international
standards” with a “failure to ensure due process” and “serious
concerns about the impartiality of the bench.”

“The chairman of the tribunal was formerly one of the investigators,”
said Abdur Razzaq, lead counsel for the defence.

“As chairman, he will be pronouncing on an investigation report he
himself produced.”

The law minister, Mr Ahmed, denied this. Mr Razzaq described the tribunal as “vendetta
politics” by Bangladesh’s ruling Awami League against its political
opponents.

Any trial of Mr Mueen-Uddin would also be fraught with practical difficulties.
There is no extradition treaty between Britain and Bangladesh and the UK
does not extradite in death penalty cases. Many of the witnesses are elderly
and some have died.

However, Mr Hannan Khan said that Mr Mueen-Uddin was likely to be tried in
absentia if he did not return.

“We have a duty to bring alleged perpetrators to justice,” he said.

“They must know the fear, however long ago it was. What happened here
forty years ago is on the conscience of the world.”

“I have waited 40 years to see the trial of the war criminals,” said
the widow, Noorjahan Seraji. “I have not spent a single night without
suffering and I want justice.”

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