Mawson expedition still netting results

Scientists following in the footsteps of Douglas Mawson have found evidence that the waters around Antarctica are changing with the climate.

CSIRO researchers who re-enacted Mawson’s epic journey on its centenary have revealed new findings from a study of the oceans yet to be published.

They found that deep water around Antarctica has become less dense since the 1970s, a phenomenon almost certainly linked to global warming.

“We know that in past times in the earth’s history changes in those ocean currents and changes in the density of the water that sinks around Antarctica have been linked to large changes in climate,” voyage leader Steve Rintoul told AAP.

“The important part of these new observations is the fact that we are picking up the first signals that the dense water sinking around Antarctica is starting to respond to changes to the climate around Antarctica.”

Changes in the Southern Ocean are considered vitally important because it stores more heat and carbon dioxide than any other region on earth, helping to slow the rate of climate change.

Scientists collected temperature and salinity samples at 77 sites between Antarctica and Fremantle to discover that more than half of the dense water that was in the area in 1970 had disappeared.

“We’re still working on the cause, but the leading hypothesis is that a warming ocean is causing the glacial ice around the edge of Antarctica to melt a little more quickly than it did before,” Dr Rintoul said.

“It’s one more piece of evidence that the oceans are evolving and changing and that it’s likely due to what’s happening to the climate.”

While in Antarctica, the researchers repeated Mawson’s measurement of water temperatures and, although limited by being taken at only one location, the results agreed with the main study.

“We do see changes in the ocean between when Mawson was there and when we came back a hundred years later,” Dr Rintoul said.

“(There’s) an indication that this formation of dense water might have been stronger in Mawson’s day than in the more recent measurements.

“I think Mawson would have got a kick out of the idea that Australian scientists were 100 years later coming back and repeating measurements that he’s made and getting some value out of the data they collected back then.”

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