Can Heavy Metal in Foods, Cosmetics Spur Breast Cancer Spread?

MONDAY, April 23 (HealthDay News) — Prolonged exposure to low
levels of the heavy metal cadmium may fuel the growth of some breast
cancer cells and encourage them to spread, preliminary research
indicates.

Found in many farm fertilizers, cadmium can make its way into soil and
water. Some other main sources of cadmium include cigarette smoke,
rechargeable batteries, certain cosmetics, bread and other cereals,
potatoes, root crops and vegetables. Once it enters the body, cadmium may
mimic the effects of the female hormone estrogen.

Unlike previous research, this new analysis looks at lifetime exposure
to cadmium, not acute bursts of high levels of the heavy metal.

This research is still in its infancy, explained study author Maggie
Louie, an associate professor of biochemistry at the Dominican University
of California, in San Rafael.

“We are trying to figure out if it is the cadmium causing cancer or
the cancer attracting the cadmium,” she said. “If it is chronic exposure
to cadmium that increases breast cancer risk, being aware of other
exposures to estrogen and taking steps to minimize these exposures may
become important.”

Her findings are to be presented Monday at the American Society for
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology meeting, which is held in conjunction
with the Experimental Biology 2012 meeting in San Diego. Research
presented at meetings should be viewed as preliminary until published in a
peer-reviewed medical journal.

According to the findings, breast cancer cells can pass through the
outer barrier of the breast with prolonged cadmium exposure.
Specifically, cells chronically exposed to cadmium express higher levels
of SDF-1, a protein associated with tumor invasion and cancer spread, the
study showed.

Dr. Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital
in New York City, said the findings make sense.

“If cadmium acts like an estrogen in our bodies, it may contribute to
the development of breast cancer,” she said.

It is difficult to reduce exposure to cadmium, but there are other
things women can do to lower their risk for breast cancer, Bernik said.
“Eat a healthy diet, don’t drink a lot of alcohol and maintain a normal
body weight. Focus on what you can control, not what you can’t,” she
stressed.

Another expert cautioned that the findings are very preliminary.

“This is an interesting study and it raises a lot of questions, but
what happens in the lab is not always what happens in the real world,”
said Dr. Ken Spaeth, director of the Occupational and Environmental
Medicine Center at the North Shore-LIJ Health System in Manhasset, N.Y.
“Theoretically, cadmium exposure should not be an issue for most of us,
most of the time.”

But, “we know cadmium is toxic and should be avoided,” he said. “More
work needs to be done in terms of elucidating the relationship between
cadmium and breast cancer in a real-world setting.”

More information

Learn more about breast cancer risk from the U.S. National
Cancer Institute
.

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