Experimental Chemical Helps Blind Mice See

WEDNESDAY, July 25 (HealthDay News) — A novel chemical
temporarily restored some vision to blind mice, and this success may
eventually lead to a treatment to help people with degenerative blindness
see again, according to a new study.

Those who could benefit include people with retinitis pigmentosa and
age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic
disease that is the most common inherited form of blindness, while AMD is
the most common cause of acquired blindness in the developed world.

In both diseases, light sensitive cells in the retina called rods and
cones die and leave the eye without functioning photoreceptors.

The mice used in this study had genetic mutations that made their rods
and cones die within months of birth. Injections of the chemical AAQ into
the eyes of the blind mice temporarily restored their light sensitivity,
according to the study published in the July 26 issue of the journal
Neuron.

AAQ makes the remaining, normally “blind” cells in the retina sensitive
to light, lead researcher Richard Kramer, a professor of molecular and
cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley, explained in a
university news release.

This approach “offers real hope to patients with retinal degeneration,”
study co-author Dr. Russell Van Gelder, chair of the ophthalmology
department at the University of Washington in Seattle, said in the news
release.

“We still need to show that these compounds are safe and will work in
people the way they work in mice, but these results demonstrate that this
class of compound restores light sensitivity to retinas blind from genetic
disease,” he added.

The researchers noted that the chemical eventually wears off, which may
make it a safer alternative to other experimental methods for restoring
sight, such as gene or stem cell therapies, which permanently change the
retina. Chemical treatment is also less invasive than implanting
light-sensitive chips in the eye, the researchers said.

“The advantage of this approach is that it is a simple chemical, which
means that you can change the dosage, you can use it in combination with
other therapies, or you can discontinue the therapy if you don’t like the
results. As improved chemicals become available, you could offer them to
patients. You can’t do that when you surgically implant a chip or after
you genetically modify somebody,” Kramer explained.

However, experts note that while studies involving animals can be
useful, they frequently fail to produce similar results in humans.

The research was supported by the U.S. National Institutes of Health’s
National Eye Institute and Research to Prevent Blindness.

More information

The U.S. National Eye Institute has more about age-related macular degeneration.

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