New Meningitis Vaccine Works in Infants: Study

TUESDAY, Feb. 7 (HealthDay News) — Routinely giving infants a
new vaccine that guards against meningitis appears to be effective, a new
study indicates.

The multi-center clinical trial of almost 1,900 infants found that
administration of routine infant immunizations with a vaccine for
serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis — a bacterium that can cause
serious disease such as sepsis and meningitis — was effective against
meningococcal strains and caused minimal interference with infants’
response to routine vaccinations.

The study of the multi-component serogroup B meningococcal vaccine
(4CMenB) was funded by Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics and appears in
the Feb. 8 issue of the Journal of the American Medical
Association
.

“In conclusion, 4CMenB was “immunogenic [able to produce an immune
response], generally well tolerated, and showed minimal interference with
routine vaccines in the first year of life,” wrote Dr. Nicoletta Gossger,
of the University of Oxford in England, and colleagues.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes covering the spinal cord
and the brain. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, meningitis can be caused by a virus or a bacteria. The
bacterial form is often more severe and can result in brain damage,
hearing loss and death.

Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading
cause of bacterial meningitis. Today, the Hib vaccine is part of routine
pediatric immunizations.

In the U.S., meningococcal disease is usually caused by groups A, B, C,
Y, and W-135 of the meningococcus bacteria. Currently, licensed vaccines
provide some protection against all groups except B. There is no licensed
vaccine for group B in the U.S, according to the U.S. National Network for
Immunization Information.

If the new vaccine were to be licensed, “this vaccine could potentially
provide improved protection for infants against meningococcal disease
beyond the protection provided by currently licensed vaccines,” the
researchers noted.

In an accompanying editorial, experts from the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention said 4CMenB has the potential to reduce serogroup B
meningococcal disease substantially. “But it cannot be compared with the
success of conjugate vaccine programs,” they wrote.

Despite its potential, 4CMenB vaccine may have some limitations, the
editorialists wrote. It may not be as effective as a vaccine against
serogroup C was in the United Kingdom, and it remains to be seen if
booster doses will be required to sustain protection, while adding
serogroup B vaccination will also add additional costs to the infant
vaccine schedule.

“However, the anticipated licensure of this vaccine in Europe and other
countries means that for the first time vaccines to prevent all five of
the serogroups that cause most meningococcal disease worldwide will be
available,” the CDC doctors wrote.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more about meningococcal vaccination.

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