Not All HIV Patients in U.S. Show Same Characteristics: Study

SUNDAY, July 22 (HealthDay News) — Among people with HIV in the
United States, those born outside the country are more likely than
U.S.-born patients to be Hispanic or Asian and to have acquired HIV
through heterosexual sex, a new study finds.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.

Language and cultural barriers can make it difficult for people born
outside the United States to learn about HIV prevention, have access to
HIV testing and to get timely medical care, the researchers noted.

They examined data from more than 191,000 people in 46 states and five
U.S. territories who were diagnosed with HIV between 2007 and 2010. Of
those people, 16.2 percent were born outside the United States.

The four states with the highest numbers of foreign-born people with
HIV — California, Florida, New York and Texas — also had the highest
number of HIV cases overall. Most of the newly diagnosed HIV patients were
males — 77.7 percent of U.S.-born patients and 73.5 percent of
foreign-born patients.

Of the overall HIV diagnoses, foreign-born people accounted for: 3.3
percent of the more than 55,000 diagnoses in whites; 10 percent of the
more than 86,000 diagnoses in blacks; 42.2 percent of the more than 42,000
diagnoses in Hispanics; and 64.3 percent of the nearly 2,000 diagnoses in
Asians.

Heterosexual sex accounted for 39.4 percent of HIV diagnoses in
foreign-born people and 27.2 percent of HIV diagnoses in U.S.-born
people.

The most common regions of birth origin for foreign-born patients were
Central America, including Mexico (41 percent); the Caribbean (21.5
percent); Africa (14.5 percent); Asia (7.9 percent); and South America
(7.6 percent).

The data did not show whether foreign-born patients were infected with
HIV before or after they arrived in the United States.

“These findings demonstrate the diversity of the HIV-infected
population born outside the United States, presenting many clinical and
public-health challenges,” concluded H. Irene Hall, of the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, and colleagues.

The study appears online in the Journal of the American Medical
Association
and was to be presented Sunday at the International AIDS
Conference in Washington, D.C.

“This study and other studies suggest that [foreign-born people in the
United States] are in need of appropriate education and outreach, testing
and treatment, and mental-health services, including specialized services
for those who experience traumatic events in their home countries or
during the immigration process, substance treatment for those addicted to
drugs [and] HIV care for those who are infected,” Dr. Mitchell Katz, of
the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services, and deputy editor of
the Archives of Internal Medicine, wrote in an accompanying
editorial.

“Although these lessons may apply regardless of country of origin for
HIV-infected persons, the effectiveness of these messages and
interventions will require culturally relevant delivery to each specific
population of immigrants,” he added.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has more
about HIV and AIDS.

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