Overweight Pregnant Women at Higher Risk for Complications

TUESDAY, April 17 (HealthDay News) — Pregnant women who are
overweight and have slightly elevated blood-sugar levels are at increased
risk for pregnancy complications, a new study shows.

These women have a higher risk than those who are obese with normal
blood sugar or those with gestational diabetes and normal weight, the
researchers said.

Doctors typically are concerned about pregnant women who are obese or
have gestational diabetes, and tend to overlook those who are overweight
and have moderately elevated blood sugar levels, they noted.

“These are women who have not been on our radar because they don’t have
gestational diabetes and aren’t obese, but our study shows if you are one
step away from each of those, you carry some significant risks,” lead
investigator Dr. Boyd Metzger, a professor of medicine and endocrinology
at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and a physician at
Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, said in a university news
release.

“We need to address the combination of overweight and blood sugar of
these women as urgently as we do for women who are obese or have
gestational diabetes,” he added.

The study of more than 23,000 women in nine countries found that
pregnant women who are obese and have gestational diabetes and those who
are overweight and have slightly elevated blood sugar are more likely to
have large babies. Having a large baby increases the risk of injury to the
baby during vaginal delivery, thereby increasing the likelihood of a
Cesarean section, the researchers noted in the news release.

Compared to babies born to mothers with normal weight and blood sugar,
babies born to obese women with gestational diabetes weighed nearly 12
ounces more. Those born to overweight (but not obese) women with slightly
elevated blood sugar weighed about 7.5 ounces more. Babies born to
normal-weight mothers with gestational diabetes weighed nearly 6 ounces
more, and those born to obese mothers with normal blood-sugar levels
weighed more than 6 ounces more.

The researchers also noted that babies born to women with excess weight
and higher blood-sugar levels are more likely to have higher insulin and
lower blood-sugar levels. These effects eventually may trigger obesity and
diabetes in the child.

The study was published in the April issue of the journal Diabetes
Care
.

“The big message from this is when you look at the impact of nutrition,
metabolism and weight on pregnancy outcomes, every woman — on her first
prenatal visit — should get a prescription for a session with a dietitian
and an appropriate healthy eating plan for her pregnancy,” said Metzger,
who also is a professor of metabolism and nutrition. “This doesn’t happen
but it should, and insurance companies should reimburse it.”

More information

The Nemours Foundation offers advice about staying healthy during pregnancy.

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