Pictured: The Titanic shown on the base of the ocean nearly 100 years from that fateful night

By
Meghan Keneally

11:12 EST, 21 March 2012

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18:59 EST, 21 March 2012

The sinking of the Titanic is one of the 20th century’s great dramas, a mystery that has confounded scientists and historians for decades.

There is still an aura of mysticism that remains around that fateful ship and new photos that will be published in the April 2012 edition of National Geographic Magazine provides for the first time a sense of what the wreck looks like today.

These new photographs, shot using state-of-the-art technology by independent research group Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, provide a greater understanding of what happened on that fateful April 15, 1912.

Not the same view: On the left, the small holes that once were windows are now decaying in place,

The first complete views of the legendary wreck: As the starboard profile shows, the Titanic buckled as it plowed nose-first into the seabed, leaving the forward hull buried deep in mud—obscuring, possibly forever, the mortal wounds inflicted by the iceberg

These photos are the by-product of a
multi-million dollar, two-month expedition that used a number of
different approaches to get never-before-seen views of the wrecked ship.

For much of August
and September 2010, explorers from the Woods Hole Oceanic Institution
used robotic vehicles to collect images during programmed sweeps of the
surrounding areas.

Side-scan
and multibeam sonar was used to store the minute details of the ship
and to evaluate what has changed since previous exploratory expeditions.

During these sweeps, the robots
stored ‘ribbons’ of data, with the products of the repeated attempts
then collected together and observed as a whole unit.

titanic 3

The
first complete views of the legendary wreck: Titanic’s battered stern
is captured overhead here. Making sense of this tangle of metal presents
endless challenges to experts. Says one, ‘If you’re going to interpret
this stuff, you gotta love Picasso.’

The process, which is referred to as ‘mowing the lawn’, worked over the entire area of the ship and the surrounding seabed.

In total, the area in question measures three miles by five miles.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration has been studying the wreck for decades, and one of their
lead archaeologists spoke to The National Geographic to explain the
significance of the technology used to capture these images.

‘This is a game-changer,’ James Delgado told the magazine.

‘In
the past, trying to understand Titanic was like trying to understand
Manhattan at midnight in a rainstorm—with a flashlight.

‘Now
we have a site that can be understood and measured, with definite
things to tell us. In years to come this historic map may give voice to
those people who were silenced, seemingly forever, when the cold water
closed over them.’

The Titanic wreck has been one of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s
most significant projects, with one of the groups’ members having been a
part of the original exhibition that discovered it back in 1985.

The discovery of the wreck, by WHOI, sparked an international interest in deep sea exploration.

mosaic

Ethereal views of Titanic’s bow (modeled) offer a comprehensiveness of detail never seen before.

Towed
sled vehicles were created to explore the sea floor. Now robotic
vehicles controlled remotely and either connected to the main expedition
vehicle by a tether or completely autonomous are used to gather
information very close to the ship and even inside it

The stunning photos: The first-ever views of the complete remains of the ship in full profile can be found in the April 2012 edition of National Geographic Magazine

The stunning photos: The first-ever views of the complete remains of the ship in full profile can be found in the April 2012 edition of National Geographic Magazine

What is truly original about the latest batch of photographs from the site is that it allows interested viewers to gain a better contextualized understanding of where the different pieces of the wreck come in together, which piece was once part of another.

The side views of the two main parts of the ship are particularly telling because the images speak volumes about the speed at which they crashed into the ocean floor.

The bow, or the front half of the ship, was the first to fall into the ocean depths. After being pierced repeatedly by the edge of the iceberg- some holes of which are still visible today in the top photo- the bow then plummeted to the ocean floor.

Because the front of the ship was designed to have a shape that allowed for smooth sea travel, the bow streamed nose first into the bed of the ocean.

That was not the case for the stern, or back end, of the ship.

Since the Titanic had snapped in half, the lower portion of the stern was the breaking point and water filled the ship from there.

What that meant was that when the stern proceeded to sink to the ocean floor, that descent was much more dramatic. Entire floors collapsed, water smashed the internal structure of the ship as it descended at a rapid pace.

The fast speed and incomparable power of the water essentially had a ‘corkscrew’ effect on the ship as it mangled the steel so that it no longer even looks like the ship it once was. 

Immortalized in films and brought to
life with exhibits throughout the world featuring artefacts from the
cabins that now lay 12,415 feet below sea level, the ship is undoubtedly
one of the most famous in history.

The story of the disaster is well known: the ship left Southampton, England on its maiden voyage bound for New York.

With
the intention of providing the world’s wealthy with an opulent trip,
there were black tie dinners in the formal dining room, strolls along
the promenade, and health treatments in the extravagant Turkish baths.

In
spite of the spoils that the ships’ creators spent on the decoration
within, the technology was not effective enough at the time to avoid an
iceberg.

The 'unsinkable' ship: At the time of the launch, the ship was touted as a groundbreaking creation

The ‘unsinkable’ ship: At the time of the launch, the ship was touted as a groundbreaking creation

Though one of the lookouts spotted
the iceberg and alerted the officer on duty, the ship was too large to
turn and fully avoid the crash.

The iceberg skidded along the
starboard side of the ship, damaging it repeatedly and poking fatal
holes below the waterline of the ship.

If it had crashed head on, experts believe the ship would have survived.

But because of the length of the
damage, and the fact that it was spread over so much of the starboard
side of the ship, there was little that could be done to prevent it from
sinking.

Mapping out the wreck: The ship was four days into its journey from Southampton to New York when it sunk in the middle of the night on April 14, 1912

Mapping out the wreck: The ship was four days into its journey from Southampton to New York when it sunk in the middle of the night on April 14, 1912

Five of the ships’ 16 watertight compartments were exposed from the crash and that proved too heavy a ratio.

An
agonizing 2 hours and 40 minutes followed with mass hysteria and
confusion as engineers tried to comprehend what was going on and as
passengers tried to board the lifeboats.

Though legally required to carry fewer lifeboats than they did, the lifeboats that were stored on the Titanic could still only fit about half of the total number of people on board. More problems arose because, during the chaos, some lifeboats left the ship partly filled, adding to the number of fatalities.

Immediately following the crash, major changes were made in the regulation of lifeboats on ships and that remains one of the lasting legacies of the crash.

Director James Cameron, who has long
had a personal interest in the ship, has been involved in 33 exploration
trips down to the wreck since it was rediscovered in 1985.

A series of technologically precise
recreations and models have shown that as the starboard side filled with
water, it continued to spread to the front of the ship began to sink.

This motion brought the stern, or the back of the ship, up in the air, to the extent that the propeller was fully visible.

Understanding: In contrast to the previous photo, the photo above shows sonar imagery of the front of the ship which sunk first

Understanding: In contrast to the previous photo, the photo above shows sonar imagery of the front of the ship which sunk first

Split in two: The starboard side of the front of the ship sustained multiple holes and five of the 16 watershed compartments were exposed by the crash with the iceberg, causing it to sink front-first

Split in two: The starboard side of the front of the ship sustained multiple holes and five of the 16 watershed compartments were exposed by the crash with the iceberg, causing it to sink front-first

Once
fully raised, the ship broke in two, with the front
plowing dramatically down into the ocean and landing with such a thud
that it caused visible changes in the bottom of the sea.

After
dropping back to the water, the stern also filled with water but rather
than copy the front half, it twisted and the steel mangled, essentially
corkscrewing the ship as it sank to the bottom.

Photos
of the wreck, now in its permanent resting place two miles below sea
level, show the deterioration of the once magnificent ship.

As
the days count down to the 100th anniversary of the ship’s departure,
on April 10, and sinking, on April 15, many of the details of the myth
surrounding the historic ship will be relived by those who were born
generations in its wake.

TRIPS TO THE DEEP: FROM THE REDISCOVERY TO TOURIST TRIPS DOWN TO THE WRECK ITSELF

On the first trip of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s imaging vehicle, called Argo, researchers caught the first glimpses of the Titanic wreck in the summer of 1985.

Passion project: Director James Cameron, who made the film Titanic, has gone on 33 trips down to the wreck

Passion project: Director James Cameron, who made the film Titanic, has gone on 33 trips down to the wreck

At the time, they used a 35-mm camera system which gave the photos a bright blue tint.

Though the discovery of the Titanic was undoubtedly a massive result for the researchers, it was not their intended goal.

The trip was paid for by the U.S. Navy, and when they were using the top-grade technology, they were actually searching for two lost Navy nuclear submarines that had sunk in the 1960s.

Oceanography professor Robert Ballard had approached the Navy about potentially funding his search for the Titanic using the new Argo technology, but he was rejected.

As an afterthought, Navy officials thought that the Argo technology could be used to see their sunken nuclear submarines, and agreed to employ Mr Ballard, and give him hope for his Titanic search, only if he first looked for the two submarines- the USS Scorpion and the USS Thresher.

Once he completed the two trips, finding that they had imploded due to the immense water pressure, his team continued to search for a similar implosion trail to the Titanic.

On the morning of September 1, 1985, they found it. A year later, he returned to the site with a new crew and more time to allow further investigation of the remains.

Now trips to the famed site are much easier: wealthy tourists can pay around $60,000 to take a 8-10 hour trip in a submersible vehicle down to see the actual site themselves.

Director James Cameron, who has long had a personal interest in the ship, has been involved in 33 exploration trips down to the wreck since Mr Ballard rediscovered it.

Here’s what other readers have said. Why not add your thoughts,
or debate this issue live on our message boards.

The comments below have not been moderated.

Still remains a fascinating tragedy, but I can’t help but think of the sheer panic of those poor people on that boat when it happened and those who lost their lives. But it does still hold a macabre curiosity all these years on.

I don’t think of Titanic as a graveyard. A few bodies were never found, but the majority of those who died actually froze to death on the surface and their bodies were collected and buried in Nova Scotia (Google Titanic Burial Site). Even if some actually went down inside the ship, the pressure of the descent to the sea bed would have ensured there was nothing left to be recovered (take a look at the pictures of the aft part of the ship – a real tangled mess) due to the decompression. But I don’t think of Titanic as romantic either – despite Hollywood’s best efforts – it’s a tragedy, and one that should never have happened.

There is a possibility that hasn’t been properly investigated that it was the Olympic that went down and that the well-known financier of the ships got a whole load of insurance money. The real Titanic went on to serve for another 35 years.
– H.A.A.R.P, England, 21/3/2012 23:36_______________I think such a “theory” is an insult to the survivors who gave their testemony in a public hearing, under oath.

Mona Glasgow, Mona by name Mona by nature!

Please remember it is also where people lost there lives !! it is essentially a “Grave Yard ”

Mona Glasgow! Mona by name, Mona by nature!

I love it just because it’s one of the greatest scams that ever succeeded-this is not the Titanic but the Olympic intentionally scuttled by White Star because it had been damaged beyond repair. Seriously, google it.

If anyone is interested in titantic you should really come to Belfast for the opening of the titanic
Museum this year!
‘The craic is great!’
See you there!

Seeing the seemingly good condition of the wreck, which has been lying on the seabed for a few weeks short of 100 years now, I am surprised that it seems to be in such good condition. This must surely be a tribute to the men who built her – of which we hear so little. DJ Kelly’s novel: ‘A Wistful Eye – The Tragedy of a Titanic Shipwright’ is a unique book, in that it is the only one which views Titanic from the perspective of one of the ‘men of steel’ who built her. I learned from that account that Harland Wolff had to import all their raw materials, as Ireland has no coal or steel, and so it was tough trying to be competitive with the Scots English shipyards. That fact might have made HW cut corners, and indeed they did, but mainly by making savings on staff and their pay conditions, never on quality of engineering construction. This ship still remains as ‘Belfast’s Pride’.

I wouldn’t worry about anyone trying to raise the Titanic at this point. It would fall to pieces in an instant. In fact, it’s not really likely to last all that much longer on the seafloor. After a century there, it has become very fragile. It’s regrettable that the site is being “looted” of artifacts, since I agree that it’s a grave marker of sorts, but I’m sure King Tut would be equally aghast at our grave-robbing of his tomb. And yet, the artifacts from THAT site have opened a window through the centuries that reveals a part of our human ancestry and development that would otherwise be unknown to us. The same could be said of the Titanic. A two-edged sword, to be sure.

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