Rare Drug-Resistant Bacteria Spotted in U.S. Hospital

THURSDAY, June 21 (HealthDay News) — A rare type of deadly
bacteria was found in two patients in a Rhode Island hospital in 2011, but
swift treatment and infection control measures stopped any further spread,
a new government report shows.

The bacterium — called New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase
(NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae — is highly resistant to
antibiotics and easily spread. It is rare in the United States, but more
common in areas including India, Pakistan, Cambodia and other Asian
countries.

“These people had the bacteria in their body, but fortunately it was
not causing an infection anywhere,” said lead researcher Dr. Leonard
Mermel, medical director of the department of epidemiology and infection
control at Rhode Island Hospital, in Providence.

The bacteria were isolated in one patient’s urine sample and in another
patient’s fecal sample, but nowhere else in their body.

Infections with this strain of bacteria, however, can be deadly and
there are few treatment options, Mermel said.

Where the bacteria is endemic, its growth is spurred on by several
conditions, he said.

“In many parts of the developing world, you can just walk into a
pharmacy and get antibiotics without a prescription, so there is
widespread antibiotic use,” Mermel said.

This ease of getting antibiotics coupled with poor sanitation promotes
bacteria growth and creates a “perfect storm” for the development of
resistant strains of bacteria, he said.

The report was published in this week’s issue of Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report
, a publication of the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.

The first patient was hospitalized in Rhode Island, after being
hospitalized in her native Cambodia and treated with antibiotics. In the
U.S. hospital, infection was discovered and she received a wide range of
antibiotics. However, only partial infection control measures were taken.
Eventually, the infection spread to another patient in the same ward.

At that time, stronger infection control measures were taken and no
other patients were infected.

Dr. Marc Siegel, an infectious disease expert and associate professor
of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York City, said that
“this is not an epidemic, but it is eyebrow-raising. This bacteria is very
problematic and highly resistant to antibiotics.”

So far, this hasn’t become epidemic, he said. “These are isolated
cases,” he said. “This is another resistant bacteria — an ultra-resistant
bacteria.”

Siegel doesn’t expect to see this bacteria become common in the United
States.

“I don’t think it’s going to take hold here,” he said. “I am concerned
more about the importing of this bacteria. We are going to be seeing more
cases.”

The goal is to control the bacteria with infection precautions,
including patient isolation, Siegel said.

This case drives home several points, he noted. “We need better
sanitation in hospitals. We need to be vigilant in searching for these
types of bacteria. We really could use more antibiotics. There have been
almost no new antibiotics in the past decade.”

It’s the tip of the iceberg, Siegel said. “The iceberg is the
developing of resistant bacteria, but this bacteria is not likely to
spread in the near future, but it is of concern.”

The overuse of antibiotics adds to the creation of these resistant
strains, he added.

More information

For more on drug-resistant bacteria, visit the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
.

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