Researchers Find Stem Cells in the Eye

Researchers at the Neural Stem Cell Institute of Regenerative Research Foundation in New York have discovered that there are stem cells located in the back of the eye, according to LiveScience. The findings, which scientists say have the potential to be of future use in regenerating damaged tissues throughout the body, were announced on Thursday.

Where were these stem cells found in the eye?

Scientists found the stem cells in a special layer located under the retina of the eye. This layer, called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), is only one cell thick. The RPE is responsible for keeping the retina working properly. If something, like disease, interferes with a person’s RPE, the retina can stop functioning and die.

What’s special about these stem cells?

The stem cells, which the scientists say could be used as a source of new central nervous system cells, were tested to see if they could divide and multiply, which it was found that they could. This means that they have the potential to be able to be used to regenerate tissue. In the eye, this could eventually give researchers an ally in the fight against diseases like macular degeneration, according to PTI.

Additionally, scientists found that these particular stem cells can be manipulated to turn into different kinds of cells than other previously discovered stem cells can. Their location also makes them advantageous, as other sources of neural stem cells have only been found deep within the brain, which would require major surgery to extract. This makes them a unique source of neural stem cells in the body.

How did scientists discover these stem cells?

Cells from the RPE were extracted from more than 100 donor eyes and then put into culture conditions in a lab, according to the Canadian Press. Researchers found that while the cells remain dormant when actually retained in the eye, in a lab approximately 10 percent of the cells became active and divided easily.

Cells that did become active and begin to divide were able to be prodded into becoming several different types of cells, including ones that can make fat, bone, and cartilage. Scientists were also able to get the cells to make an immature version of nervous system cells, called progenitor cells. They intend to continue to try to manipulate these RPE stem cells in order to see if they can be turned into fully-matured central nervous system cells.

Vanessa Evans is a musician and freelance writer based in Michigan, with a lifelong interest in health and nutrition issues.

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