Syrian troops driving rebels out of Damascus strongholds

The operation had exposed President Assad’s tenuous hold on power after a bomb killed four of his closest acolytes, including both his defence minister and his powerful brother-in-law, last Tuesday.

The attack was seen as a potential turning point in the 16-month uprising against his rule.

Many observers still believe this to be the case, predicting that the president has been too weakened to survive. But the setbacks suffered by the rebels in recent days suggest that he has enough firepower to survive the opposition onslaught for weeks or perhaps even months.

An adept battlefield commander, Maher al-Assad has proved an astute choice to lead the defence of Damascus. He has put down rebel offensives in several other parts of Syria with merciless brutality, according to opposition activists.

President Assad was given a further boost by government victories elsewhere in Syria on Sunday, as the army regained control of a border crossing along the southern frontier with Iraq and forced rebels onto the defensive in the eastern city of Deir al-Zor.

Although resurgent in parts of the country, Mr Assad’s forces suffered setbacks of their own as rebels stepped up an offensive in the second city of Aleppo. They also captured the Al-Salama crossing on the Turkish frontier, the second post along the border to fall to the rebels in the past three days.

The fighting in Syria is more intense than it has ever been. More than 2,750 people have been killed this month alone, according to the opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, bringing the total death toll since the uprising began to more than 19,000.

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