Life In The Low Country: The Colourful Art of Gari Melchers

Gari Melchers, ca. 1900. Photograph by Frank Scott Clark, Collection Macbeth Gallery records.

I first became aware of Gari Melchers’ art thanks to one of his most well-known works entitled The Sermon (1886) in which we can see a young peasant girl falling asleep in church while listening to some soporific Sunday sermon delivered by the local priest, all this happening under the inquisitorial sight of an older relative, someone who seems to be most likely her aunt. Gari Melchers’ artworks revolved mostly around scenes of peasantry and pastoral life in rural settings (most notably in the Netherlands where he lived for a few years) although he gave a lot of attention to themes related to childhood and the sacredness of motherhood. Melchers was also a very accomplished portraitist.

From a technical perspective one of the most relevant features about Melchers’ art was his use of intense colour, around the warm spectrum of the palette, which gave a very upbeat look to some of his paintings. As an example of this I could mention The Sisters (1895) and Young Mother (c.1892).

The Winter Painting Story

Melchers is also known due to one of his paintings entitled Winter having been “stolen in Germany by the Nazis” in 1933, to be later on miraculously “discovered” at the Arkell Museum in Canajoharie, New York in 2019. Actually the story seems to get a bit shaky when one reads:

Bartlett Arkell, the first president of the Beech-Nut Packing Company, bought the painting from a New York City gallery in 1934 for his personal collection.” – from “Painting stolen by Nazis found at New York museum” (Published October 23, 2019) by Fox News

So, first of all, how on Earth did that “New York City gallery” (name not disclosed in the Fox News’ article) acquire the painting in such a short period of time? did they buy it from “The Nazis”? and how come did that painting get “lost” afterwards if it had been in the US for decades (as part of a private collection owned by Arkell) anyway? Am I missing something here? please someone tell me.

But let me take the opportunity to talk for a minute about all the works of art taken as booty by the so-called “allies” when, at the end of WWII, they had free license to plunder, rape and pillage Germany and beyond with no international authorities willing to stop them on their tracks. This is how so many German works of art ended up in the US after the war. But, of course, Fox News will never talk about this, will they?

Biography

Gari Melchers (August 11, 1860 – November 30, 1932) was an American artist. He was one of the leading American proponents of naturalism. Julius Garibaldi Melchers was named by his father after Giuseppe Garibaldi, the Italian patriot, but he was known throughout his life as “Gari”. Born in Detroit, Michigan, on August 11, 1860, to Marie Bangetor and German-born American sculptor Julius Theodore Melchers. Gari was the oldest of four children.

At the age of seventeen, Gari left for Europe, where he resided until 1915. He studied art at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under Eduard von Gebhardt and Peter Janssen. Thus Melchers is nowadays associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

In 1881 Melchers left Germany for additional training in Paris where he worked at the Académie Julian, and the Ecole des Beaux Arts, where he studied under Jules Lefebvre and Gustave Boulanger. Attracted by the pictorial side of Holland, he settled at Egmond. In 1882, Melchers presented The Letter, painted the previous year in Brittany, at the Paris Salon; this first presentation by the young artist was well received.

In 1884, after a visit to Detroit, Melchers returned to Europe and, with fellow artist George Hitchcock, established a studio at Egmond aan Zee, a small fishing village on the North Sea in the Netherlands near Alkmaar. Rural Dutch life appealed to the artist, and many residents of the village served as models in his paintings. He chronicled the daily life of his neighbours, which included their celebrations and religious worship. His first important picture during that period, The Sermon, brought him favorable attention at the Paris Salon of 1886. In an 1888 Munich exhibition, Melchers’s entry was awarded a first prize.

He became a member of the National Academy of Design, New York; the Royal Academy of Berlin; Société Nationale des Beaux Arts, Paris; International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers, London, and the Secession Society, Munich; and, besides receiving a number of medals, his decorations include the Legion of Honor, France; the Order of the Red Eagle, Germany; and knight of the Order of St Michael, Bavaria.

In 1889, he and John Singer Sargent became the first American painters to win a Grand Prize at the Paris Universal Exposition. His paintings from the World Columbian Exposition (1893) held in Chicago are now in the Library at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

Interior of Gari Melchers house in 224 Washington Street, Falmouth, VA 22405 (source: Historic Artists’ Home & Studios)

During the closing years of the nineteenth century, Melchers was among the best known American artists residing in Europe. He maintained several studios in addition to his home in the Netherlands, and he exhibited regularly on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1902 Melchers met Corinne Lawton Mackall, a Baltimore painter born in 1880, who studied at the Maryland Institute Practical School for the Mechanic Arts and at the Académie Colarossi. The couple married on April 14, 1903, on the Isle of Jersey. Mackall was 20 years younger than her husband.

In 1904 he was named an Officer in the French Legion of Honor. In 1909 he was appointed Professor of Art at the Grand Ducal Saxony School of Art in Weimar, Germany. In 1915 he returned to New York City to open a studio at Abraham Archibald Anderson’s Bryant Park Studios building. From 1920 to 1928 he served as the president of the New Society of Artists. He was a member of the Virginia Fine Arts Commission and a trustee of the Corcoran Gallery of Art. He served as chairman of the Art Committee of the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

During the final decade of his life Melchers completed a set for three murals in 1921 for the Detroit Public Library, depicting the history of Detroit. He subsequently was commissioned to paint four murals of notable personalities for the Governor’s office in the Missouri State Capitol. His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Also, that same year, Melchers won a Gold medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters in New York City where numerous solo exhibitions of his work were held. The place in question opened just before the artist died on November 30, 1932. Melchers spent his final years at Belmont Estate in Falmouth, Virginia, near Fredericksburg.

With changes in aesthetic values, Melchers’s reputation faded after his death. In a new era of abstractionism and post-modern realism, his stylistically traditionalist paintings were viewed by many as “old-fashioned”. Today his paintings are found in numerous private and public collections and museums throughout the world. Indeed, renewed interest in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century American art has led to a rediscovery of Melchers and his work.

Sources: Gari Melchers Home & Studio, artnet, wikipedia and New Georgia Encyclopedia.

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