H. P. Lovecraft on Race and Equality

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31848f07ce56137ddb432e184a44be9cHoward Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was one of the most significant writers of horror fiction in the 20th century. His most famous contribution was “The Call of Cthulhu”, which introduced the world to a horrible ancient deity, in the form of a giant creature who is a cross between a man, an octopus and a dragon. Cthulhu still has quite the cult following to this day, as the dark lord has spawned many movie villains, popular culture references and internet memes.

Although Cthulhu is his most famous creation, Lovecraft wrote many other science fiction stories that shook his readers to the bone. Lovecraft saw a world that is teeming with terror beneath its pleasant veneer, often invisible to human sight and incomprehensible to the average mind.

The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents.

Lovecraft has been an icon for the SciFi community, which became horrified in the past few years when his “racism” was brought to the light. In 2013 ThinkProgress published an inflammatory article, H. P. Lovecraft Is Popular Culture’s Racist Grandpa:

But whoa doggy, the dude is racist. And not just in the “oh, he had some unfortunate personal beliefs, but we can overlook them and still enjoy his art” way. His stories often hinge on the idea that “fully human” is English people and people of English descent and creeping up out of the uncanny valley to ruin things for people of English descent are bunches of different groups of people who range from not very human at all—strange islanders and non-white people of all sorts—to people who could almost pass for human, if you weren’t vigilant—like the French.

One of his best stories, “The Shadow over Innsmouth” is all about how a man is rightfully repulsed by the residents of Innsmouth, who have, to put it mildly, interbred with the wrong sorts of people, people they met while they were out sailing around the world, only to discover, to his horror, that he is one of these repulsive people. The story is great and scary and ooky, but the story doesn’t work without the premise that there are some folks we just shouldn’t mix with.

So what do you do with an author who is hugely influential and, in many ways, rightly so, whose work has some enormous problems? That question becomes more interesting and less hypothetical when you realize most, if not all, Lovecraft stuff is probably in the public domain. If you want to try to fix your problems with Lovecraft’s stories, you can.

Oh no, how dare he be against miscegenation! That is totally not politically correct now. Due to this sensational scandal, the World Fantasy award stopped using Lovecraft’s image for their trophy, after much lobbying by authors and readers. The Guardian reports:

The World Fantasy award trophy will no longer be modelled on HP Lovecraft, it has been announced, following a campaign last year that called the author out as an “avowed racist” with “hideous opinions”.

One of the major forces behind the campaign was Daniel José Older, who was nominated for best editor of an anthology. He celebrated the victory against “racism” on social media and then responded to the Guardian’s inquiry by email:

If fantasy as a genre truly wants to embrace all of its fans, and I believe it does, we can’t keep lionising a man who used literature as a weapon against entire races. Writers of colour have always had to struggle with the question of how to love a genre that seems so intent on proving it doesn’t love us back. We raised our voices collectively, en masse, and the World Fantasy folks heard us. Today, fantasy is a better, more inclusive, and stronger genre because of it.

Now, to be fair, some of Lovecraft’s work could assuredly be viewed by a majority of Americans as being “racist” and “wrong” by today’s standards. His 1912 poem “On the Creation of Niggers” is one of the main pieces of “evidence” used in the case against Lovecraft.

When, long ago, the gods created Earth
In Jove’s fair image Man was shaped at birth.
The beasts for lesser parts were next designed;
Yet were they too remote from humankind.
To fill the gap, and join the rest to Man,
Th’Olympian host conceiv’d a clever plan.
A beast they wrought, in semi-human figure,
Filled it with vice, and called the thing a Nigger.

How dare he disparage our equal brethren? They never did anything wrong! They have simply been held down by vile racists like Lovecraft.

Baltimore-Riots

Baltimore-Riots

Lovecraft was an equal opportunity “hater” though, since it was not just the Africans he criticized, but other non-White groups. In one of his letters he described New York’s Chinatown as:

a bastard mess of stewing Mongrel flesh without intellect, repellent to the eye, nose and imagination.

While some of Lovecraft’s racial writing is similar to his horror fiction in that he describes non-Whites as being like horrid monsters, he also wrote eloquently on the subject. His correct criticisms of equality are almost never brought to light by his detractors, though.

As for the question of superiority & inferiority — when we observe the whole animal kingdom and note the vast differences
in capacity betwixt different species and sub-species within various genera, we see how utterly asinine & hysterically sentimental is the blanket assumption of idealists and other fools that all the sub-species of Homo sapiens must necessarily be equal. The truth is, that we cannot lay down any general rule in this matter at the outset. We must simply study each variety with the perfect detachment of the zoölogist and abide by the results of honest investigation whether we relish them or not. And what does such a study tell us? Largely this — that the australoid and negro races are basically & structurally primitive — possessing definite morphological and psychological variations in the direction of lower stages of organisation — whilst all others average about the same so far as the best classes of each are concerned. The same, that is, in total capacity — though each has its own special aptitudes and deficiencies.

Well, that’s pretty hard to argue against, is it not?


PS – I decided to write this article today without realizing that Lovecraft died exactly 79 years ago.

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