Single-Embryo IVF Cuts Risk to Baby: Study

WEDNESDAY, July 4 (HealthDay News) — Transplanting just one
embryo during assisted reproduction treatments reduces the risk of
preventable infant deaths that occur just before or shortly after birth,
which is termed perinatal mortality, Australian researchers report.

“The number of embryos transferred per procedure is the major
determinant of multiple pregnancy and multiple delivery, which contribute
to an elevated risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, and its [health
consequences],” said Elizabeth Sullivan, from the perinatal and
reproductive epidemiology research unit of the University of New South
Wales in Sydney.

“These are risks in addition to those already faced by women being
treated for infertility,” Sullivan said in a news release from the
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

For the study, researchers examined more than 50,200 births resulting
from in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI) treatment. IVF involves removing an egg from a woman, placing it
with sperm in a test tube, then transferring the resulting embryo to the
woman’s womb. With ICSI, a form of IVF, sperm is injected directly into
the egg.

The babies were born at more than 20 weeks’ gestation and/or weighed
more than 14 ounces (400 grams) at birth. They found 813 perinatal deaths
overall, which included 630 stillbirths and 183 deaths within the first 28
days of life.

The researchers calculated the risk of perinatal mortality was 53
percent higher for a two-embryo transfer than for the transfer of one
embryo.

They noted this risk was even higher for the transfer of fresh (not
frozen) embryos. Births following the transfer of two fresh embryos had a
74 percent higher risk of perinatal death than a fresh single embryo
transfer.

The study was scheduled for presentation Wednesday at the annual
meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in
Istanbul.

The researchers said the adoption of a single embryo transfer policy
for IVF in Australia and New Zealand resulted in a reduction in overall
perinatal deaths for all babies conceived by assisted reproduction
technology.

“Australia and New Zealand have shown that in the right policy
environment, a voluntary change to [single embryo transfer] practice is
achievable,” Sullivan noted.

“The proportion of single embryo transfers in Australia/New Zealand IVF
rose from 14.2 percent in 1999 to 67.8 percent in 2008,” she said. This
was accompanied by a decline in multiple deliveries of 13.7 percentage
points — from 22.1 percent in 2000 to 8.4 percent in 2008, Sullivan
said.

For non-donor IVF cycles in women younger than 35 years old, the
authors recommend single embryo transfer be the rule of thumb.

Data and conclusions presented at meetings should be considered
preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

More information

The U.S. National Institutes of Health provides more information on in vitro fertilization (IVF).

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