Costa Concordia cruise disaster: ‘A tragic one-off’

But modern cruise ships are far superior to their ocean-liner counterparts of
yesteryear in terms of safety and back-up systems.

Since the sinking of the Titanic (2012 marks the 100th anniversary), passenger
ships have been required to carry enough lifeboats (and, recently, life
rafts) to equal or exceed the total number of passengers and crew carried.

Since 1986 these lifeboats have had to be either totally or partially
enclosed, with diesel engines that can operate even if the lifeboat is
inverted.

Since 1997, new cruise ships have had to have all stairways enclosed in
self-contained “fire zones”. Smoke detectors and smoke alarms must
be fitted in all passenger cabins and all public spaces; there must be
low-level lighting to show routes of escape (such as in corridors and
stairways); all fire doors throughout the ship should be controllable from
the ship’s navigation bridge, and emergency alarms be audible in all cabins.

Since 2002, ocean-going cruise ships on international voyages have also had to
carry voyage data recorders (similar to the black boxes carried by
aircraft). The Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) regulations introduced in 2010
prohibit the use of combustible materials in new cruise ships.

Crew members attend frequent emergency drills, lifeboat equipment is regularly
tested, and fire-detecting devices, systems and alarms are checked, and
simulated fires are set.

Could more be done? Possibly, but safety concerns must be balanced against
enjoyment: passengers take a cruise for a holiday, and to visit destinations
in a leisurely manner.

All modern cruise ships clearly display muster stations and lifeboat
information on the back of every cabin door, while safety videos, which
demonstrate how to put on a lifejacket, are shown on a dedicated in-cabin TV
channel. As in any hotel or tall building, taking note of escape routes is
sensible.

In an emergency, the natural human reaction is to go up and out, no matter
what evacuation procedures are in place. Following instructions given by
ship’s officers is vital, but usually ignored when passengers feel the
situation is life-threatening. This can be compounded when instructions are
given in any language other than their own. Clear communication can make or
break any evacuation procedure.

Whatever the outcome of the investigation into the Costa Concordia incident,
lessons will be learned for the good of all. I am just thankful that the
ship was not out in open water, as many more lives might have been lost.

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