Death of Saudi Crown Prince Nayef, who led crackdown on al-Qaeda, raises questions over succession

Wi8lliam Hague, the Foreign Secretary, said he was “very sad” to learn of the
Crown Prince’s death. “He served the Kingdom for many years with great
dignity and dedication and his contribution to the prosperity and security
of the Kingdom will be long remembered,” he said in a statement. “I would
like to offer my sincere condolences to the kingdom and its people at this
sad time.”

The Crown Prince had a reputation for being a conservative: he was believed to
be closer than many of his brothers to the powerful Wahhabi religious
establishment that gives legitimacy to the royal family, and at times he
worked to give a freer hand to the religious police who enforce strict
social rules.

His elevation to crown prince in November 2011, after the death of his brother
Sultan, had raised worries among liberals in the kingdom that, if he ever
became king, he would halt or even roll back reforms that King Abdullah had
enacted.

Soon after becoming crown prince, he vowed at a conference of clerics that
Saudi Arabia would “never sway from and never compromise on” its
adherence to the puritanical, ultraconservative Wahhabi doctrine. The
ideology, he proclaimed “is the source of the kingdom’s pride, success
and progress.”

Crown Prince Nayef had expressed reservations about some of the steps taken by
ther king to bring more democracy to the country and increase women’s
rights. He said he saw no need for elections in the kingdom or for women to
sit on the Shura Council, an unelected advisory body to the king that is the
closest thing to a parliament.

His top concern was security in the kingdom and maintaining a fierce bulwark
against Shia powerhouse, Iran, according to US Embassy assesments. “A
firm authoritarian at heart,” was the description of Prince Nayef in a
2009 Embassy report on him, leaked by the whistleblower site Wikileaks.

The 9/11 attacks at first strained ties between the two allies. For months,
the kingdom refused to acknowledge any of its citizens were involved in the
suicide airline bombings, until finally Prince Nayef became the first Saudi
official to publicly confirm that 15 of the 19 hijackers were Saudis, in a
February 2002 interview.

But later that year he told an Arabic-language Kuwaiti daily that Jews were
behind the attacks, because they had benefited from subsequent criticism of
Islam and Arabs. He came under heavy criticism in the U.S., especially
because he was the man in charge of Saudi investigations into the attack.

In mid-2003, however, Islamic militants struck inside the kingdom, targeting
three residential expatriate compounds – the first of a string of assaults
that later hit government buildings, the US consulate in Jeddah and the
perimeter of the world’s largest oil processing facility in Abqaiq,
al-Qaeda’s branch in the country announced its aim to overthrow the Saudi
royal family.

The attacks galvanised the government into serious action against the
militants, an effort spearheaded by Prince Nayef. Over the next years,
dozens of attacks were foiled, hundreds of militants were rounded up and
killed.

Sources: AP and Reuters agencies

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