Effects of High Blood Pressure Drug May Mimic Celiac Disease

FRIDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) — A new report suggests that
the common blood pressure drug olmesartan (Benicar) can cause symptoms
that mimic celiac disease, leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary
treatment.

It’s not clear how often people who take the blood pressure-lowering
drug will develop the gastrointestinal problems that are similar to those
caused by celiac disease. For the moment, though, the side effects appear
to be unusual, said Dr. Peter Green, director of the Celiac Disease Center
at Columbia University Medical School, who was not involved with the
study.

Still, Green noted, his center has seen patients who developed celiac
disease-like symptoms while taking olmesartan and some have been quite
ill. “One went into kidney failure and needed dialysis,” he said.

According to the new study from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., 22
patients — aged 47 to 81, average age 70 — had symptoms of chronic
diarrhea and weight loss of an average of 40 pounds. Fourteen of the
patients needed to be hospitalized.

Tests showed that these patients didn’t have celiac disease, a
condition that causes gastrointestinal problems due to an allergy to
gluten, which is found in products such as wheat and rye. However, all of
the patients were taking olmesartan.

After they stopped taking the drug, all of the patients’ symptoms
improved; all but three went on to take other blood pressure medications.

It is not clear why the drug may cause the gastrointestinal symptoms,
the study authors noted in the report published online June 21 in the
Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

“These patients are usually elderly and have been on the drug for quite
some time,” said Green. Researchers should continue exploring the issue,
he suggested.

While the study uncovered an association between celiac disease-like
symptoms and use of olmesartan, it did not prove a cause-and-effect
relationship.

“We thought these cases were celiac disease initially because their
biopsies showed features very like celiac disease, such as inflammation,”
study author Dr. Joseph Murray, a Mayo Clinic gastroenterologist, said in
a news release from the clinic. “What made them different was they didn’t
have the antibodies in their blood that are typical for celiac
disease.”

“It’s really an awareness issue. We want doctors to be aware of this
issue, so if they see a patient who is having this type of syndrome, they
think about medications as a possible association,” Murray said. “We’ve
reported an association. What needs to be known next is the science to
understand why there is such an association.”

More information

For more on celiac disease, visit the U.S. National Library of
Medicine.

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