Findings on HIV-Resistant Sex Workers May Help Vaccine Efforts

THURSDAY, Feb. 16 (HealthDay News) — In studying how HIV is
transmitted, researchers have discovered that some African sex workers are
naturally resistant to the virus, a finding that could influence
prevention efforts.

These women are protected by an unusually weak inflammatory response in
their vaginas, the scientists noted.

“In this part of the world, women represent over 60 percent of HIV
cases, and this proportion continues to increase,” Dr. Michel Roger, of
the University of Montreal Hospital Centre and its microbiology and
immunology department, in a news release. “Studying women who are
naturally resistant to the virus enables researchers to identify
interesting information in terms of developing vaccinations or microbid
gels that could prevent transmission of HIV.”

The researchers followed women from Benin and Zimbabwe over the course
of 15 years. They found that when some of these women are exposed to HIV,
the immune-system cells in their vaginas produced fewer inflammatory
molecules than the cells in women infected with the virus.

Although these molecules are usually helpful by activating lymphocyte
T-cells that destroy viruses, HIV actually uses these T-cells to invade
people’s bodies, the researchers said.

“Fewer T-cells means fewer target cells available for the virus to
use,” Roger explained.

The researchers also found the women’s immune response in their
vaginas — where the virus entered their body — was different from their
body’s response once the virus was in their bloodstream. The study
concluded that a better way to stop the spread of HIV would be to block
the virus from entering the body, rather than fight it once it had already
invaded.

“AIDS vaccination research has entirely focused on the bloodstream and
this approach has been a failure,” Roger said. “Our research shows that
the immune response is different at the site of the infection, and that we
should turn to the entry points in order to find a means for blocking the
virus.”

The researchers said that the body’s mucus membranes would be protected
through a through a nasal-spray vaccine.

They added that more research is needed to fully understand the immune
response in the vagina and determine if women’s DNA plays a role in
natural HIV resistance.

The results were recently published in the journal PLoS ONE.

More information

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides more
information on HIV and AIDS.

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