Mladic trial delayed after prosecutors’ error

Court officials estimate that “millions of pages” contained in “tens of
thousands of documents” were not disclosed to the defence as they should
have been under the UN court’s rules.

The deadline for disclosure was last November and despite complaints from the
defence in February, the UN prosecutors had failed to hand over the
documents by last Friday.

The case files relate to the first 24 witnesses that the prosecution had hoped
to call between 29 May and July, when the court goes into recess.

The delay was expected, after Mladic’s legal team had already tried to force
the postponement of the trial on the same grounds. Prosecutors have admitted
the errors, without yet providing an explanation, and did not object to the
delay in the presentation of evidence. They have spent the first two days
setting out their case.

Earlier in the morning Mladic showed some of the swagger of his brutal heyday
by applauding a film showing his younger self threatening a Dutch UN
peacekeeper in the hours leading up to the Srebrenica massacre of 8,000
Muslim men and boys in 1995.

The former Bosnian Serb commander clapped his hands in his lap as an UN war
crimes tribunal showed 16 year old footage of him shouting into the face of
Colonel Thom Karremans, whose Dutch troops were unable to prevent the first
genocide on Europe soil since the Nazi Holocaust.

The Dutch UN commander was shown flinching as a burly General Mladic screams
at him, asking why he had authorised Nato planes to bomb advancing Serb
forces and accusing him of helping Bosnian Muslims.

“Did you order your soldiers to shoot my soldiers,” he yells on the film.

On the video, Col. Karremans is shown trying to placate the man dubbed the
“butcher of Bosnia” by telling him Nato strikes were commanded centrally and
that Dutch troops had defended themselves when their posts, in a UN “safe
enclave”, were attacked by Bosnian Serb forces.

“Do not fantasise,” Mladic screamed.

“You armed them [Muslims].”

As a clearly apprehensive Col. Karremans, whose troops were vastly outnumbered
and outgunned, politely tried to deal with the tirade on the film, today’s
Mladic could be seen nodding, smiling and clapping himself as he sat in the
UN war crimes dock.

Then, to show he was still in control, the former Bosnian Serb general
signalled time out, making a T with his hands to signal a break. The film
was stopped and the UN court broke up for a five minute recess – in a clear
sign that Mladic is still trying to call the shots at his trial for
genocide.

The Srebrenica area had been designated as a UN “safe haven” and 600
Dutch infantry were supposed to be protecting thousands of civilians who had
taken refuge from earlier Serb offensives in north-eastern Bosnia.

As Serb forces began shelling Srebrenica, Bosnian Muslim fighters in the town
asked for the return of weapons they had surrendered to the UN peacekeepers
but their request was refused.

Col. Karremans, the Dutch commander, threatened to call in air strikes unless
the Serbs withdrew. Mladic refused but no air strikes came, Col. Karremans
had submitted his request on the wrong form.

A few bombs were later dropped but it was too late to stop the Bosnian Serb
advance.

Gen. Mladic entered Srebrenica and summoned the Dutch commander to deliver an
ultimatum for Muslim surrender in a meeting that came to symbolise the
West’s helplessness in the face on genocide.

Just days later, on 13 July 1995, the first killings of unarmed Muslims took
place in a warehouse in the nearby village of Kravica. Three days later the
Dutch retreated from Srebrenica and the way was clear for Bosnian Serb
forces to overrun the town. By 21 July 1995 over 8,000 Muslim men and boys
are thought to have been killed.

Today, Mladic is hearing his own words used against him as UN prosecutors seek
to prove his guilt of genocide by drawing on his wartime diaries, radio
intercepts and bragging appearances he made on television during the Bosnian
war.

Evidence is being produced that Mladic acted on orders, the notorious “directive
seven”, from Radovan Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb president, to “create
an unbearable situation of total insecurity with no hope of further survival
or life for the inhabitants of Srebrenica”.

Video footage of the execution of Dino Salihovic, a 16-year-old Bosnian Muslim
gunned down with other teenagers at Srebrenica, was shown at the opening of
Ratko Mladic’s trial.

The film of the murder of Dino and five other men near Srebrenica in July 1995
will be typical of the shocking evidence and testimony presented at the
first genocide trial in Europe since the Holocaust.

“You watch him walk forward, his hands bound behind his back. We watch a
burst of fire tear through his back,” said Dermot Groome, the
prosecutor, said.

As Dino falls to the ground, his red-beret clad Serb killers, members of an
paramilitary unit known as the Skorpions, shout “die a virgin”.

The killings are typical of the slaughter by Bosnian Serbs, commanded by
Mladic, of 8,000 Muslim men and boys in fields and woods around Srebrenica.

The crime was one of many committed in the wake of the city’s capture by
Bosnian Serb forces commanded by Mladic. The killers were so confident they
would never face justice that they filmed themselves.

DNA evidence led to the positive identification of all six victims: Dino, 16,
Azmir Alispahic, 16, Safet Fejzic, 17, Smajil Ibrahimovic, 34, Sidik Salkic,
36, and Juso Delic, 25.

They had fled Srebrenica, declared a “safe area” by the United
Nations, as Bosnian Serbs advanced. Mr Ibrahimovic and Mr Salkic were forced
to drag the bodies of their younger companions from the murder site into an
abandoned cottage and were then killed themselves. The bodies were doused
with petrol and set alight.

Prosecutors in the Hague are outlining their evidence of the alleged
involvement of former Bosnian Serb military chief Gen. Ratko Mladic in
Europe’s worst mass murder since World War Two, the 1995 Srebrenica
massacre.

On the second day of the 70-year-old’s genocide trial, Yugoslav war crimes
tribunal prosecutors will focus on the bloody climax of the 1992-95 Bosnian
war, when Serb forces systematically executed some 8,000 Muslim men and boy
in the U.N.-protected enclave in northeastern Bosnia and buried them in mass
graves.

Mladic is accused of commanding Bosnian Serb troops who waged a campaign of
murder and persecution to drive Muslims and Croats out of territory they
considered part of Serbia. His troops rained shells and snipers’ bullets
down on civilians in the 44-month-long siege of the Bosnian capital,
Sarajevo.

He has refused to enter pleas, but denies wrongdoing.

On Wednesday, the defendant had an angry exchange of hand gestures with the
families of massacre victims in the public gallery, separated by the
bulletproof glass in the courtroom.

“Vulture!” said one woman in the gallery. He responded by making a
throat-slitting gesture.

Mladic fled into hiding after the war and spent 15 years as a fugitive before
international pressure on Serbia led to his arrest last year. Now he is held
in a one-man cell in a special international wing of a Dutch jail and
receives food and medical care that would likely be the envy of many in
Bosnia.

But the fact that he is jailed and on trial is seen as another victory for
international justice and hailed by observers as evidence that – more often
than not – war crimes tribunals get their indicted suspects, even if years
later.

Prosecutors say they will use evidence against Mladic from more than 400
witnesses, although very few of them will testify in court. Much of their
evidence already has been heard in other cases and will be admitted as
written statements.

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