New Blood Test May Rule Out Heart Attacks More Quickly

TUESDAY, Dec. 27 (HealthDay News) — A new test measuring levels
of troponin I in the blood may help determine whether someone is really
having a heart attack earlier than is currently possible.

Troponin I is a protein that is released into the bloodstream when the
heart muscle has been damaged such as during a heart attack. The more
damage there is to the heart, the more troponin there will be in the
blood. Existing tests measure troponin T or troponin I. The new study
looked at a highly sensitive type of troponin I test that may be more
accurate in less time. The findings appear in the Dec. 28 issue of the
Journal of the American Medical Association.

Researchers led by Dr. Till Keller at the University Heart Center in
Hamburg, Germany, compared the new highly sensitive troponin I test with
the current test and other blood markers for heart attack among 1,818
people who showed symptoms of a possible heart attack. Of these, 413 were
deemed to be having a heart attack. The troponin tests were more
predictive than other biomarkers used to make the diagnosis, the study
showed.

The new test was more sensitive than the existing one. This means that
if a test result is negative, the person is not having a heart attack.
Another measure, specificity, rules in disease with a high degree of
confidence. The issue with available troponin testing has been that they
must be repeated two more times over the next 12 to 16 hours for accurate
readings. The new test yields sensitive results in three hours.

The study was partially funded by Brahms AG and Abbott Diagnostics.
Abbott Diagnostics developed both the new and the conventional troponin
tests used in the study.

“We can rule out heart attacks more quickly with the new test,” said
Dr. Sandra Chaparro, a cardiologist at the University of Miami Hospital in
Florida. “If the patient presents to an emergency room less than three
hours after chest pain, we can make a diagnosis of a heart attack.”

Many people come to the emergency room with chest pain. Typically, the
doctor orders an electrocardiogram (EKG) to check for problems with the
electrical activity of the heart, along with blood work. Not all EKG
readings are abnormal during a heart attack, Chaparro explained. This is
where the blood test would be used.

“It is very common to have people going to the hospital with chest pain
and it could be something important or something not significant,” she
said. A more sensitive test could save a lot of money, she noted.

Dr. Michael Lanigan, an emergency room doctor at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center in Brooklyn, NYC, said the ultimate goal is a highly
specific and sensitive test that can tell doctors right away if you are
having a heart attack. The new test “helps push the envelope further,” he
said. “We need a blood test that can tell people when they walk in or soon
thereafter that they are having a heart attack because the sooner you make
the diagnosis, the sooner you can start the right therapy.”

More information

For more on the different types of troponin tests, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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