People With HIV at Higher Odds of Sudden Cardiac Death

MONDAY, May 14 (HealthDay News) — People with HIV/AIDS are four
times more likely to die of sudden cardiac arrest than those in the
general population, a new study finds.

The findings held true even for people with well-controlled HIV,
according to researchers from the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF). In sudden cardiac arrest, also referred to as sudden cardiac
death, the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.

The researchers looked at the health records of more than 2,800 HIV
patients from April 2000 to August 2009. About 8 percent died during an
average follow-up period of nearly four years.

Cardiac-related events accounted for 15 percent of those deaths. Of
those, 86 percent of the patients died of sudden cardiac death.

When researchers accounted for age, race and other variables, people
with HIV had more than four times the risk of experiencing sudden cardiac
death compared to the overall population of San Francisco.

“The fact that the vast majority of cardiac deaths were sudden is
surprising and implies that we as clinicians need to be aware of this
potential health issue among patients with HIV,” senior study author Dr.
Priscilla Hsue, an associate professor of medicine at UCSF and director of
the HIV Cardiology Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma
Center, said in a university news release.

“Our findings also highlight many things that we still don’t know about
HIV and sudden death,” she added. “Did these individuals die of
unrecognized coronary artery disease? What can we be doing as clinicians
to identify patients at risk and to intervene beforehand?”

The study appears in the May 15 issue of the Journal of the American
College of Cardiology
.

In 2003, sudden cardiac death accounted for the largest number of
non-AIDS deaths among HIV patients in San Francisco. These sudden cardiac
deaths occurred mostly in patients with well-controlled HIV.

“Now that HIV-infected individuals are living longer with the benefit
of antiretroviral therapy, non-AIDS conditions are becoming increasingly
important and at the top of this list is cardiovascular disease,” said
study first author Dr. Zian Tseng, an electrophysiologist and associate
professor of medicine in the UCSF division of cardiology.

Although this research showed an association between HIV/AIDS and
increased incidence of sudden cardiac death, it did not prove a
cause-and-effect relationship.

More information

The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about sudden cardiac arrest.

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