Study Gives First Evidence That Adult Human Lungs Can Regrow

WEDNESDAY, July 18 (HealthDay News) — Researchers have uncovered
the first evidence that the adult human lung is capable of growing back —
at least in part — after being surgically removed.

In an observational study, researchers used MRIs with hyperpolarized
helium-3 gas to show that existing alveoli — the tiny, air-exchange units
of the lung — actually increased in number after a 33-year-old woman had
her entire right lung removed due to cancer.

The study showed a 64 percent increase in the number of alveoli in the
woman’s lung 15 years after surgery. “The research clearly shows that some
form of lung growth can occur in the adult human,” said study author James
Butler, an associate professor of medicine in the department of medicine
at Harvard Medical School in Boston.

The new alveoli were all shaped similarly. “It’s striking, the degree
of homogeneity of the new alveoli, as if the lung was responding to
something,” Butler added. The cause of the new growth could be stretching
of the tissue, perhaps by exercise, he suggested. “Could other
bio-molecular growth be triggered by stretch? It’s a wide-open question
now.”

About a year and a half after surgery, the woman began a daily exercise
program including walking, cycling and yoga. Previous studies in adult
dogs have suggested that lung growth after pneumonectomy (removal of the
lung) in dogs was possible, typically after periods of lung stress or
strain.

Over a period of 15 years, data measuring lung size and capacity were
collected, using common respiratory tests (called FEV and FVC) measuring
how much air can be taken in and blown out with deep breaths. In the early
months after surgery, the lung responded as researchers would expect. The
total lung volume increased and the lung density fell below normal. But,
the lung tissue volume gradually started to increase and the density
returned to a level normally seen when a deep breath is taken, suggesting
the growth of new tissue.

The ability of the lung to regenerate, potentially triggered by
exercise, makes sense, said Dr. Norman Edelman, a professor of medicine at
Stony Brook University and chief medical officer of the American Lung
Association. “When the lung develops in utero [when the fetus is
developing], the pulling force of the diaphragm is an important
stimulation for the lung to grow,” he said. “But, of course, the practical
application of the research is a long way off.”

Butler said the next step is to do a study involving more people over
time. “If we can discover the underlying bio-molecular mechanisms, they
would suggest potential therapeutic options,” he explained.

More information

For more on lung disease, visit the American Lung
Association
.

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