Certain Tick Bites Might Spur Red Meat Allergy

THURSDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) — Can a tick bite turn you
off red meat for good?

It can if it is the bite of a Lone Star tick, a type that’s endemic in
the southeastern United States. This phenomenon has been known for a
while, but now new research published online July 20 in the Journal of
General Internal Medicine
reports on three case studies to illustrate
exactly how it may occur.

The Lone Star tick injects spit into a person’s body when it bites. The
body then develops antibodies in response to a carbohydrate called
alpha-gal that is present in the spit. This carbohydrate substance is also
present in red meat. When the bitten person eats meat again, their immune
system goes on the warpath, causing an allergic reaction. This reaction
is typically delayed, occurring about three to six hours after eating
meat.

The reaction can range in severity from mild hives and itching to
full-blown anaphylactic shock, according to Dr. Susan Wolver and Dr. Diane
Sun at the Virginia Commonwealth University, in Richmond.

This connection was first discovered somewhat serendipitously by
researchers who were trying to determine why a cancer drug called
cetuximab (Erbitux) was causing severe allergic reactions in people in the
southern states. The sugars in Erbitux are also present in beef, pork and
cows’ milk.

Calling the phenomenon “the cow’s revenge,” Dr. Bruce Hirsch, an
infectious diseases specialist at North Shore University Hospital in
Manhasset, N.Y., said, “Lone Star tick bites may well be turning a portion
of people in the southeast into involuntary vegetarians.”

Tick bites cause a host of other diseases and infections including Lyme
disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The best thing to do is to avoid
ticks altogether, Hirsch said. For starters, avoid wooded and bushy areas
with high grass and use insect repellents that contain 20 percent or more
DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) on all exposed skin.

Dr. Bernard Feigenbaum, an allergist at the NYU Langone Medical Center
in New York City, said that most people think about Lyme disease when they
think about ticks and tick bites. “This study shows that there can be
other allergic consequences,” he said. “If a person discovers having
reactions or unusual symptoms after eating meat, follow up with a primary
care doctor or an allergist to see what is going on.”

If you are allergic to red meat, you will need to avoid beef, pork,
lamb, venison and other meat from mammals, said Despina Hyde, a
nutritionist at the NYU Langone School of Medicine. “Poultry, fish and
chicken are OK.”

More information

Learn how to avoid ticks where they lurk at the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
.

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