Norway killer Anders Behring Breivik trial: day two live

14.36 David Blair sums up the afternoon’s developments:

In a few hours of polite but lethal questioning, the prosecutor has
exposed Breivik’s world of lies and fantasy. He faked a degree from an
American university, did his best to avoid taxes and lied about his chances
of being elected to the city council with the Progress Party. The one
success in his life was a business selling fake diplomas, which he admitted
was “morally despicable”. This is not the combative stuff of an
Old Bailey demolition, but it is no less effective.

14.23 The court has just broken for a 15-minute break. Breivik has just
been describing why he left the Progress Party, a populist right-wing party,
to pursue his one-man resistance to immigration.

“My proposals were slaughtered, so to speak,” he said. “They
sold out on so many principles in order to get into power, that I thought
they had thrown out the baby with the bathwater.”

14.14 Inga Engh is drawing out example after example of Breivik’s
tendency to bend the truth to hide his failures. Now she’s undermining his
claim, made in his manifesto, to have been nominated for membership through
the Progress Party for a position in the Oslo City Council. Breivik concedes
that he wasn’t 23 on the list, as he wrote in his manifesto, but actually
37. Previously she made him comment on his claim – made on his CV – to have
a business degree from an American University.

13.40 Prosecutor Engh has switched tack, asking Breivik
if he is religious. Richard Orange reports that he appeared “momentarily
confused”, telling the court that alhough a Lutheran, a member of the
Church of Norway, he is drawn to Catholicism. He said:

Quote
I have not been a religious person, but there is a proverb saying there are no
atheists in the trenches.

Breivik has also been questioned regarding his business career. He admitted
that his first two companies were “failures”, and his fake diploma
business a “morally despicable project”. But he nonetheless
insisted he had been a business success:

Quote
Not many Norwegians are capable of earning their first million by 24. It’s
extremely difficult to reach such levels at an early age.

He claims the diploma business made him 4m Norwegian Kronor (£436,000), before
he wrapped it up in 2006.

State prosecutors Svein Holden (L) and Inga Bejer Engh in court in Oslo

13.24 David Blair on an illuminating exchange between Breivik and
prosecutor Inga Engh:

The questioning resumes. What was the greatest influence on Breivik’s
ideology? What was the main source for his worldview? His answer is
emphatic: “Wikipedia”.

13.20 More on Breivik’s early life from Richard Orange.

Prosecutor Inga Engh is now pressing Breivik on why he dropped out of
sixth-form college before completing the final year.

“I don’t think that’s relevant in this case,” says Breivik. “I
had a good childhood. That is not why I because a militant nationalist.”

Breivik says he left because he wanted to start up Behring Marketing,
selling telecoms services to “minorities”, which then failed after
six months.

He claims he had read all the books in his sixth-form college curriculum
six months ahead of time, and that was part of a reason why he decided he
didn’t need to complete his studies. Breivik says he has undergone 15,000
hours of study in his own time to make up for not attending university.

Under more questioning about his lack of education, Breivik responds with a
rare flash of humour.

Asked whether he felt the need to have a formal degree, he said no.

“Of course, I could have printed out a diploma for myself.” he
adds, referring to his fake diploma business. “No, just joking,”
he says.

13.14 The trial has resumed, with the prosecutor saying she intends to
focus on Breivik’s early life and education. Sky News reporter Trygve
Sorvaag
reveals Breivik is unhappy with the line of questioning.

12.55pm Richard Orange sums up the developments from the first part of
this afternoon’s session.

The court has broken for a break, after the prosecution managed to tease
out more nuances from Breivik on whether he acted alone or is really, as he
claims part of a secret international organisation called the Knights
Templars.

Breivik appears to see other racist serial killers as fellow “foot-soldiers”
working alongside him.

“If you looked at the 40 legitimate attacks carried out since the end
of the Second World War, you can see there’s a thin red line between all the
actions,” he argues.

As for the organisation he claims to represent, Breivik still maintains
that there were two other “independent, self-going cells”
operating alongside him in Norway.

He is also sticking to the claim that he attended a meeting with three
other “militant nationalists” in London in 2002.

As much as possible, though, he is distancing himself from the claim that
titles, uniforms, and other paraphernalia about the Knights Templar, the
organisation he claims to represent in his manifesto.

He now refers to this as “pompousness” or a “glossy image or
presentation of something that is the reality”.

“In the manifesto,” he says. “I have relayed the KT [Knights
Templar] network as a pan-European organisation, but in reality there are
merely a few individuals,” he said. “That’s what I mean my making
a pompous presentation.”

Prosecutor Inga Bejer Engh (L) speaks to Anders Behring Breivik (2nd R)

12.47pm The court has now risen for another recess. Our chief
foreign correspondent David Blair reports:

Breivik has disclosed how much he admires al-Qaeda. He described them as
the “most successful revolutionary force in the world” and praised
their “cult of martyrdom”. He also said that he expected his
rampage last July to be ended by a bullet from the security forces. “22
July was a so-called suicide attack. I didn’t expect to survive that day,”
he said.

12.36pm Helen Pidd, reporting for The Guardian, reveals
that Breivik considered the journalists’ national conference in Norway to be
a “more legitimate target than Utoya”.

12.30pm The questioning continues to focus on whether Breivik was
acting alone or with others, Richard Orange reports.

Breivik said:

Quote
I am linked to two others in Norway, who are linked to KT (the Knights
Templar). I’m an independent and self-going cell and I’m linked to two
others who are also independent, self-going cells, so there are three cells.

He has also explained to the court why he cried during the film of his Youtube
trailer, saying he had become “emotional” because he knows that
his people and his culture “were dying”. He said the soundtrack he
used was also special to him, as it was the music he uses in his daily
meditation sessions.

Breivik takes the witness box

12.23pm The Guardian’s reporter in Oslo, Helen Pidd, suggests Breivik
is using examples from the UK to attempt to justify his theories on
multi-culturalism.

12.17pm Prosecutor Inga Engh has pushed Breivik to
explain why his act is good and not evil. He has responded by comparing his
actions to the US bombing of Japan, where, he argues 300,000 innocent
Japanese were killed in order to prevent further war that would have cost
the lives of millions.

Quote
It’s similar with militant nationalists. We don’t act to be evil, we’re trying
to save our nation and our culture.

There are warlike situations in some of those places where neither the
police nor emergency vehicles dare to go through. There isn’t a conventional
war in Europe now, but we’re trying to prevent a war now.

He has also said he doesn’t expect to be recognised as a “hero”.

Quote
What I have done is so very much on the fringe of militant nationalism that I
think I will never be recognised as that [a hero]. I am speaking in
figurative language now.

I knew that I would be considered a monster, and evil, so of course it’s
not for my own sake that I do this. It’s character suicide if you do this,
and I expect that most people will not understand this.

12.05pm David Blair contrasts the relaxed nature of the hearing with
the British courts:

The prosecutor is now questioning Breivik. This is not an abrasive Old
Bailey-style cross examination. The prosecutor is polite and pensive and
both she and Breivik are seated, making this seem like an afternoon
conversation. But the prosecutor is skillfully tying him in knots
nonetheless, eventually getting Breivik to admit that he gave himself the
right to kill people for his political views.

12.00pm Engh is now asking whether the militant nationalists he joined
in 2002 pushed him to use violence, Richard Orange reports. Breivik
replied:

Quote
I have been affected by them. They were militant nationalists before I became
one.

Generally, I have found inspiration from other sources… It was my first
meeting with militant nationalists so in many ways they did affect me.

Here are several individuals concerned, and you cannot say that they are a
unified group.

Others wanted to start up a grass-roots, fighting at street level in a
non-violent manner.

11.54am Prosecutor Inga Engh has started the afternoon session
by grilling Breivik about whether he acted alone, or was given a mandate by
others.

Pressed, on “so, have you given yourself a mandate?”, Breivik
answered:

Quote
I, and others affiliated with me, have given myself a mandate.

I have been in a group. I came into contact with other militant
nationalists in 2001. The group that I am part of wants to be able to design
a system based on autonomous and individual cells. I have had very limited
contact with that group since 2002, but there has been some contact.

Mainly I have given myself that mandate.

11.39am Our reporter Richard Orange files this
piece
from the courtroom in Oslo, pulling together all the developments
from this morning:

The 33-year old’s rambling testimony ran to more than double the agreed
length, and took in references to figures as diverse as Thomas Jefferson,
John Stuart Mill, Mark Twain and Sitting Bull, the American Indian chief.

As Breivik’s defence lawyers had warned, he expressed no regret for his
massacre of 69 people, mostly teenagers, on the island of Utoya last July.

“Yes, I would have done it again,” he said. “These were not
innocent, non-political children, but these were people who actively worked
to uphold multi-cultural values.

“The youth wing is in many ways similar to the Hitler Youth. It’s an
indoctrination camp at Utoya.”

Breivik compared himself to other racist serial killers in Europe, such as Peter
Mangs, the Malmo serial killer who in 2010 picked off immigrants with a
sniper rifle, and Germany’s NSU group, who killed more than 10 immigrants
over the last decade.

“It is important that more patriots in Europe assume responsibility
like I did, and men like Peter Mangs in Malmo did,” he said. “They
are all perfect foot soldiers …. for nationalist rebirth. Europe needs more
great heroes like them.”

11.26am Breivik has just been brought back into court, followed soon
after by the judges. The court has decided that his questioning, which is
expected to take around four days, will not be televised.

11.18am Survivors of Anders Breivik’s killing spree have said
they agree with a decision to dismiss one of the lay judges presiding over
his trial:

10.35am David Blair has more from inside the courtroom.

Breivik was interrupted four times by the judge, who asked him to be brief
and show consideration for the victims. Nonetheless, he was given 65 minutes
to expound his views, invoking an array of historical figures ranging from
Sitting Bull to Enoch Powell to argue that Europe has turned into a
multi-cultural “hell”. He even compared the youth wing of the
Norwegian Labour party to the Hitler Youth, coming close to arguing that his
rampage on the island was justified retribution.

“I cannot plead guilty,” he said. “I acted in defence of my
culture and of my people and so I ask to be acquitted.”

10.30am To recap, Breivik defended his massacre of 77 people,
insisting he would do it again and calling the bomb-and-shooting rampage the
most “spectacular” attack by a nationalist militant since World
War II.

He lashed out at Norwegian and European governments for embracing immigration
and multiculturalism.

He claimed to be speaking as a commander of an “anti-communist”
resistance movement and an anti-Islam militant group he called the Knights
Templar. Prosecutors have said the group does not exist.

Maintaining he acted out of “goodness not evil” to prevent a wider
civil war, Breivik vowed, “I would have done it again.”

10.24am Breivik has now finished. The court breaks for lunch.
Back at 11.20am. (12.20pm in Norway.)

10.17am Breivik is now citing Enoch Powell’s “rivers of
blood” speech.

“Are you then finished, Mr Breivik?” asks the Judge.

“One more page,” he says.

Judge Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen repeatedly interrupted Breivik

10.13am Richard Orange reports from the courtroom:

He’s (Breivik) now invoking Sitting Bull, the native American chief, in a
passage that will surely test Judge Arntzen’s patience.

“Were they terrorists because they fought for indigenous rights?”
he asked of Sitting Bull and other Indian chiefs. “Were they evil
terrorists or were they heroes? In the same way militant nationalists in
Europe are seen as evil because they fight for the same ideals.”

“There is no place in the world where Muslims are in harmony with the
host country. Not one,” he said earlier.

“Many muslims don’t want the cultural and moral decay that the
multi-culturalists and liberals represent.”

10.07am People in court are beginning to get impatient as the statement
continues well beyond the expected 30 minutes.

09.58am The judge has asked Breivik to shorten his statement.

09.46am More from the statement.

Quote
I’m not scared of the prospect of being imprisoned. I was born in a prison and
I have spent my life in a prison… this prison is called Norway. It doesn’t
matter if I am locked into a cell, because you know that all areas will end
up in a multicultural Hell that we call Oslo.

Judge Wenche Arntzen interrupts him to ask how long he’s going to
continue. Breivik says he’s on page 7 of 13 pages.

“I suggest that you prepare a closing to your document,” the judge
says.

“There are six pages left and it’s all relevant,” Breivik protests,
adding that it’s the basis of his whole defence.

09.43am Journalist Trygve Sorvaag makes the point that
psychiatrists will be studying this speech extremely carefull.

09.33am Here is Breivik’s take on the McCarthy witch hunts in
the US, as reported by David Blair.

“McCarthy was far too moderate. He thought about deporting all
American communists to the Soviet Union. Unfortunately, he did not do so.”

09.32am The statement makes no reference to his crimes, his belief he
is a Knight Templar, or, interestingly Islam. Instead, it’s a rant against
left-wing multi-culturalism.

09.26am As expected, the statement has now moved on to
multi-culturalism. Richard Orange reports:

“The people have been betrayed by the multi-culturals and the liberals,”
Breivik says, adding that people have not been told, that they will “lose
their culture” and “their way of life”. “We are considered second rate
citizens, it has been that war since World War II.”

Breivik is now criticising how far-Right parties in Austria and Hungary have
been campaigned against by other European countries, arguing that these sort
of activities mean that Norway isn’t really a democracy.

He’s weighing into the “left-wing bias” in the Norwegian media as
this tweet from Sky News reporter Trygve Sorvaag demonstrates. He is citing
a study by Frank Aaberot that only 100 Norwegian journalists voted for the
far Right Progress Party, with the restvoting for the left-wing parties, .

He’s also talking about how multiculturalism has undermined the UK, citing an
article in The Times from 2010.

09.22am Breivik’s statement has referenced Hitler, Richard Orange
writes:

Breivik says: Liberals and marxists never wanted to have a democracy, since
they feared new Hitlers would pop up and cause the third world war.

1968 was the marxist revolutionary year… a socialist egalitarian system was
built…the greater the victim you were the higher up in the hierarchy of
power you could be.

09.18am Richard Orange reports on Breivik’s statement – during
which he claimed “I have done the most sophisticated and spectacular
political attack seen in Europe since the Second World War.”

Richard writes:

Breivik is attempting to take control of the proceedings, asking for more
time to read his statement, asking the judge to not interrupt him, and
saying he needs aids.

“I would like to add that I have lowered the rhetoric out of
consideration for the victims,” he said.

“They try to claim that I fell out of work life, that I am a mean and
loser, they have also claimed that I am a narcissist. There is a claim that
I am a pathetic child killer, despite not being accused of killing anyone
under 14.

09.13am The live-feed to the court has now been cut due to the decision
not to televise Breivik’s evidence, so as to avoid giving him a “platform”.
Our correspondents are still in the court though, and will keep us up to
date.

09.11am Our chief foreign correspondent David Blair makes the
point that the departing lay judge was appointed to hear the case after
he made the offending comments. So why was he chosen?

09.09am Richard Orange writes that the magistrate has been replaced –
and now Breivik will be allowed to deliver his 30 minute statement (not
televised):

Judge Wenche Arntzen has appointed Anne Wisloff to replace Thomas
Indrebro, after saying that his call for the death penalty would “weaken
the trust in his impartiality”.

Now she is allowing Breivik to make his planned 30-minute statement.

09.05am Lay magistrate Thomas Indrebo has been dismissed from
proceedings for writing on Facebook last year that Breivik desereved the
death penalty.

Judge Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen told the court: “we understand that
the events affected many people… and the statement came before he was a
lay judge, but the statements may weaken trust in his impartiality”.

Lay magistrate Thomas Indrebo

09.02am The court is in session again.

08.57am More from Richard Orange in court, where it appears
there is a problem replacing the lay magistrate who wrote on Facebook that
Breivik deserved the death penalty:

The delay in proceedings has now gone on nearly 15 minutes longer than
expected. There appears to be some problem replacing Thomas Indrebro with
the reserve judge who has been sitting in on the proceedings, apparently
because she is a woman. There is a male reserve judge, but he wasn’t in
court yesterday.

On the court’s website, it explains that Norway introduced lay judges more
than 100 years ago, as an alternative to the jury system, the idea being
that “independent citizens, by acting as lay members of the judiciary
and by sitting on juries, should use their common sense and good judgement
to determine questions of guilt and innocence”.

The idea is to provide a “corrective counterbalance against official
power and the establishment”.

08.54am It’s now around 50 minutes since the judge retired to
consider what should happen to the lay magistrate. Judge Wenche Elizabeth
Arntzen
had said she intended to retire for half an hour.

08.51am And here he is giving a far-right salute this morning, just as
he did yesterday.

08.48am Here’s Breivik in court this morning.

08.40am Richard Orange highlights the fact that, as you might
expect, the court has magistrates on standby and so, should the decision be
taken, the replacement of Thomas Indrebo is not expected to delay
proceedings beyond today.

08.28am While we wait for a decision, more on the clarification from
the translators regarding Breivik’s defence of “necessity”
rather than “self-defence”. In Norway section 47 of the penal code
states:

QuoteNo person may be punished for any act that he has committed in order to
save someone’s person or property from an otherwise unavoidable danger when
the circumstances justified him in regarding this danger as particularly
significant in relation to the damage that might be caused by his act.

08.25am Under the Norwegian legal system, Breivik’s case is being heard
by a panel of two professional judges and three lay judges – or
non-professionals – and it is one of these, Thomas Indreboe, who
faces being removed from the bench. He is a receptionist in his day-to-day
life and “acknowledges giving such statements”.

08.14am More from our chief foreign correspondent David Blair
from the courtroom.

The court sat for about 5 minutes, during which the judge disclosed that
there is a question mark over the impartiality of her lay co-judge. He has
publicly said that the only “just” punishment for Breivik is the
death penalty. Lawyers for the defence and – curiously – for the victims
both want him removed. The court has now retired to consider that request.

08.07am The court is now addressing the allegations that one of the lay
magistrates wrote on Facebook last year that Breivik deserved the death
penalty. Both the defence and lawyers acting for the victims have told judge
Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen
they believe the magistrate should be stood
down from the bench. The court has retired for half an hour to discuss what
action will be taken.

Breivik had a large smirk on his face while the discussions were being
held.

8.05am Before the court started, journalists were spoken to by the
translators who said that “self-defence” was a misleading
translation for the grounds for acquittal Breivik is invoking. A
better translation would be “necessity”, they said as the clause
he’s referring to is about defence of property and defence of others, not
solely about defence of your own person.

8.00am Pictures now coming from the courtroom in Oslo where Breivik
launched the second day of proceedings with another far-Right salute after a
short briefing from his defence lawyer Geir Lippestad. He is dressed
the same as yesterday with a black suit and gold tie.

7.53am Breaking news from the court from Richard Orange:

Norway’s VG newspaper is reporting an emergency meeting of the court this
morning, following news that a Facebook account used by one of the lay
magistrates had been used to demand the death penalty for Breivik.

“The death penalty is the only just sentence in this case!!!!!!!!!!”
read the message, which was posted under an article published in VG
newspaper the day after the attacks last year.

“WIthout a doubt we will demand his resignation, if it was actually
him wrote this, and there is much to suggest this” said Tord Jordet,
one of Breivik’s four defence lawyers.

There are two male magistrates sitting on the case, Ernst Henning Eielsen
and Thomas Indreboe.

7.49am Yesterday, in his opening statement to the court in Oslo, Breivik’s
defence lawyer Geir Lippestad said that Breivik will invoke self
defence and will expand on that in the coming days. Mr Lippestad said
Breivik has a “basic right” and a “human right” to give
a statement, but more importantly it is also the “most important piece
of evidence” that will be given to the court, which will help them
decide whether he is “legally sane”. More on that here.

7.40am Richard Orange has this from court this morning.

Breivik’s victims, their families and journalists are now collecting in
the court building. There’s a lot of anticipation on whether judge Wenche
Arntzen will allow him to read his 30-minute statement. Bjorn Ihler, 20, who
survived Breivik’s attack on Utoya island by swimming out to sea, said
yesterday had been easier than he expected.

“It’s a good thing to see him in court because he’s in a very
different position now from what he was in on the island…when he could
shoot us. So, it’s very good see him in these safe conditions.”

“He sounds very weak, his voice is weak,” he continued. “But
I don’t know how to read the man. He’s completely different from me, and
anyone else I’ve met.”

7.35am The court is going to switch the cameras off for Anders
Breivik’s
statement, in a bid to prevent giving him a platform to
express his beliefs. Our correspondents Richard Orange and David
Blair
will both be in court though, and will provide updates as the
morning goes on.

7.32am The key issue to be resolved during the trial, which is expected
to last 10 weeks, is Breivik’s mental state. Breivik claims he is sane and
targeted the government headquarters in Oslo and an island youth camp to
strike against the left-leaning political forces he blames for allowing
immigration in Norway.

If deemed mentally competent, he faces a maximum prison sentence of 21 years
or an alternate custody arrangement under which the sentence is prolonged
for as long as an inmate is deemed a danger to society.

If found to be insane he will be held in a secure mental hospital.

7.30am Anders Breivik is expected to take the stand on this morning.
The right-wing fanatic is planning to read a prepared statement as he begins
giving evidence to an Oslo court later, according to his lawyer Geir
Lippestad
.

The 33-year-old has admitted carrying out the massacre, but he denies criminal
responsibility claiming the slaughter was in “self-defence”.

7.20am Richard Orange is also in court in Oslo for the Telegraph. He
has written this piece looking at Breivik’s year spent playing
the online role-playing game World of Warcraft
“full-time”, as
a reward for his impending “martyrdom”.

Between 2006 and 2007, the 33-year-old Norwegian mass killer spent his days
and nights immersed in a world of fantasy monsters, wizards, and knights
performing violent “missions”.

During the time, Breivik, who has admitted killing 77 people last July,
lived at his mother’s Oslo flat, the court heard, supporting himself from
his savings.

World of Warcraft – a virtual world where 10.3 million players attempt to
achieve the position of “Justicar” – has been criticised for its
addictiveness. Prosecutor Svein Holden described the game as “violent”.

Breivik broke into a broad smile when Mr Holden projected an image of “Justicar
Andersnordic”, Breivik’s avatar in the game, onto a screen in the
courtroom.

The details of his role-playing past were part of an opening presentation
that portrayed Breivik’s life in the decade before his attack as a drab
succession of failures and isolation, starting with his early job in
telephone sales, and followed by the setting up of three business start-ups,
each of which was wound up without yielding any profit.

7.19am Author Brian Masters has also written a piece this
morning, arguing that the awfulness of Breivik’s crimes shouldn’t allow him
to
escape moral responsibility
for the murders.

QuoteThere is no dispute that Anders Breivik killed 77 people last July, 56 of
them coldly and efficiently with direct shots to the head. Indeed, he is
proud of what he did, and has said, with a combination of smugness and
defiance, that he wished he could have slaughtered more. The dispute which
has arisen centres on his state of mind at the time he pulled the trigger.
One psychiatric report declared that he was suffering from paranoid
schizophrenia and was therefore not responsible for his actions; a later
assessment came to the opposite conclusion, that he knew perfectly well what
he was doing. Both opinions will be aired at the trial in Norway which
started yesterday.

A diagnosis of schizophrenia would carry the implication that the man was
entangled by delusions and hallucinations which controlled his behaviour.
Such was the defence advanced before the trial of Peter Sutcliffe, the
Yorkshire Ripper, in 1981. It was quickly thrown out by Mr Justice Boreham.
One must hope the trial judge in Oslo will take a similar view, for
Breivik’s reasoning may be abhorrent, but it is sequential and organised.

7.17am For an overview of day one, our chief foreign correspondent David
Blair,
who is in court in Oslo, has written this piece on Anders
Behring Breivik
being forced to confront
cold reality of his crimes.

The fate of his 77 victims, 67 of whom were shot in cold blood on Utoya
island outside Oslo, was disclosed in remorseless detail. The self-styled “Knight
Templar” was also compelled to watch searing footage of the moment that
the bomb he planted exploded.

Breivik sat in an Oslo court, barely 200 yards from the exact spot where
his device detonated, and watched as CCTV film of the blast was shown over
and over, from every angle. Bystanders were cut down in a blinding flash
amid swirling clouds of debris.

By the end of a sequence of images deemed too distressing for broadcast,
even Breivik was visibly struggling to maintain his air of cocksure
defiance.

7.15am Good morning and welcome to our live coverage of the second day
of the trial of Anders Behring Breivik, the far-Right extremist who
confessed to killing 77 people in Norway
on July 22. The day is due to start at 7am GMT (8am BST, 9am Norway). For a
reminder of those horrific events, and the aftermath the following week, our
live coverage from July is below.

Norway shootings: July 29 as it happened

Norway shootings: July 28 as it happened

Norway shootings: July 27 as it happened

Norway shootings: July 26 as it happened

Norway shootings: July 25 as it happened

Norway shootings: July 24 as it happened

Norway terrorist attacks: July 23 as it happened

Oslo explosion: July 22 as it happened

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