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New research has concluded that salty, mineral-rich fluids deep beneath Pennsylvania’s natural gas fields are likely seeping upward thousands of feet into drinking water supplies. ~ Abrahm Lustgarten – related articles

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Though the fluids were natural and not the byproduct of
drilling or hydraulic fracturing, the finding further stokes the
red-hot controversy over fracking in the Marcellus Shale, suggesting
that drilling waste and chemicals could migrate in ways previously
thought to be impossible.

The study, conducted by scientists at Duke University and California State Polytechnic University at Pomona and released today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [1],
tested drinking water wells and aquifers across Northeastern
Pennsylvania.

Researchers found that, in some cases, the water had mixed
with brine that closely matched brine thought to be from the Marcellus
Shale or areas close to it.

No drilling chemicals were detected in the water, and
there was no correlation between where the natural brine was detected
and where drilling takes place.

Still, the brine’s presence – and the finding that it
moved over thousands of vertical feet — contradicts the oft-repeated
notion that deeply buried rock layers will always seal in material
injected underground through drilling, mining, or underground disposal.

“The biggest implication is the apparent presence of
connections from deep underground to the surface,” said Robert Jackson, a
biology professor at the Nicholas School of the Environment at Duke
University and one of the study’s authors. “It’s a suggestion based on
good evidence that there are places that may be more at risk.”

The study is the second in recent months to find that
the geology surrounding the Marcellus Shale could allow contaminants to
move more freely than expected.

A paper published [2] by the journal Ground Water [3]
in April used modeling to predict that contaminants could reach the
surface within 100 years – or fewer if the ground is fracked.

Last year, some of the same Duke researchers [4] found that methane gas was far more [5] likely to leak into water supplies in places adjacent to drilling.

Today’s research swiftly drew criticism from both the
oil and gas industry and a scientist on the National Academy of
Science’s peer review panel. They called the science flawed, in part
because the researchers do not know how long it may have taken for the
brine to leak.

The National Academy of Sciences should not have published the article without an accompanying rebuttal, they said.

“What you have here is another case of a paper whose
actual findings are pretty benign, but one that, in the current
environment, may be vulnerable to distortion among those who oppose this
industry,” said Chris Tucker, a spokesman for the gas industry trade
group Energy
In Depth. “What’s controversial is attempting to argue that these
migrations occur as a result of industry activities, and on a time scale
that actually matters to humanity.”

Another critic, Penn State University geologist Terry Engelder, took the unusual step of disclosing details of his review of the paper for the National Academy of Sciences, normally a private process.

In a letter written to the researchers [6]
and provided to ProPublica, Engelder said the study had the appearance
of “science-based advocacy” and said it was “unwittingly written to
enflame the anti-drilling crowd.”

In emails, Engelder told ProPublica that he did not
dispute the basic premise of the article – that fluids seemed to have
migrated thousands of feet upward.

He said that they had likely come
from even deeper than the Marcellus – a layer 15,000 feet below the
surface – and that there was no research to determine what pathways the
fluids travelled or how long they took to migrate.

He also said the
Marcellus was an unlikely source of the brine because it does not
contain much water.

“There is a question of time scale and what length of time matters,” Engelder wrote in his review. In a subsequent letter to the Academy’s editors [7]
protesting the study, he wrote that “the implication is that the
Marcellus is leaking now, naturally without any human assistance, and
that if water-based fluid is injected into these cross-formational
pathways, that leakage, which is already ‘contaminating’ the aquifers
with salt, could be made much worse.”

Indeed, while the study did not explicitly focus on
fracking, the article acknowledged the implications. “The coincidence of
elevated salinity in shallow groundwater… suggests that these areas
could be at greater risk of contamination from shale gas development
because of a preexisting network of cross-formational pathways that has
enhanced hydraulic connectivity to deeper geological formations,” the
paper states.

For their research, the scientists collected 426 recent
and historical water samples — combining their own testing with
government records from the 1980s — from shallow water wells and
analyzed them for brine, comparing their chemical makeup to that of 83
brine samples unearthed as waste water from drilling sites in the
Marcellus Shale.

Nearly one out of six recent water samples contained brine near-identical to Marcellus-layer brine water.

Nevertheless, Jackson, one of the study’s authors, said
he still considers it unlikely that frack fluids and injected man-made
waste are migrating into drinking water supplies.

If that were
happening, those contaminants would be more likely to appear in his
groundwater samples, he said. His group is continuing its research into
how the natural brine might have travelled, and how long it took to rise
to the surface.

“There is a real time uncertainty,” he said. “We don’t know if this happens over a couple of years, or over millennia.”

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Abrahm Lustgarten Special – July 10, 2012 – SalemNews

Source… ProPublica

Catch these articles from our writer Roger Butow in Laguna Beach, California. Roger was covering this subject and educating the public about fracking before the word even entered the arena:

“My Water’s On Fire Tonight” is a product of Studio 20 NYU ( http://bit.ly/hzGRYP) in collaboration with ProPublica.org ( http://bit.ly/5tJN).

The song is based on ProPublica’s investigation on hydraulic fractured gas drilling (read the full investigation here: http://bit.ly/15sib6).

Music by David Holmes and Andrew Bean
Vocals and Lyrics by David Holmes and Niel Bekker
Animation by Adam Sakellarides and Lisa Rucker

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