Premature babies ‘up to 4.5 times more likely’ to suffer severe mental health problems as adults

  • Study of 1.3m Swedish medical records reveals that premature babies are more likely to experience mental health problems that extend into adulthood

By
Jenny Hope

12:02 EST, 1 June 2012

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12:02 EST, 1 June 2012

Babies born prematurely are at higher risk of developing severe mental health problems as adults, warn researchers.

A major study suggests those born after just seven months in the womb or earlier are at highest risk compared with full-term babies.

They could be up to seven times more likely to develop bipolar disorders and at three times the risk of severe depression and eating disorders.

Increased risk: Babies born more than eight weeks premature are '4.5 times as likely' to suffer from a severe mental illness such as depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis

Increased risk: Babies born more than eight weeks premature are ‘4.5 times as likely’ to suffer from a severe mental illness such as depression, bipolar disorder or psychosis

But even those born four to eight weeks early are more likely to develop schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.

The study, published in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood, is the first to show a link between prematurity and a broad range of psychiatric disorders in later life.

The chance of pre-term babies needing hospital treatment for any mental health condition is 4 in 1,000 – double the risk of babies born after nine months in the womb.

But the risk for very premature babies who spent less than seven months in the womb is six per 1,000 births.

Researchers at the Institute of Psychiatry (IoP) at King’s College London and Karolinska Institute in Sweden believe subtle alterations in brain development caused by being born early could be responsible, rather than restricted growth or lack of oxygen during childbirth.

Doctors are concerned about rising numbers of premature babies – which are defined as being born at least three weeks early, when they have spent fewer than 37 rather than 40 weeks in the womb.

Previous research found that babies born three months early – before 28 weeks – were most likely to suffer medical complications, learning difficulties or other handicaps, leading to a £1 billion bill for extra health and education needs each year.

Doctors are concerned about rising numbers of premature babies ¿ which are defined as being born at least three weeks early

Doctors are concerned about rising numbers of premature babies – which are defined as being born at least three weeks early

The latest study had data from nearly 1.5 million birth and medical records in Sweden between 1973 and 1985 and identified all those admitted to hospital with their first episode of a psychiatric disorder by 2002.

The researchers found that individuals born very prematurely after fewer than 32 weeks in the womb were three times more likely to be hospitalised with a psychiatric disorder at 16 years and older, compared to those born at term – 37 weeks or later.

The risk varied depending on the condition – for psychosis it was 2.5 more likely, for depression three times more likely and for bipolar disorder 7.4 times more likely. 

The findings also revealed a smaller increased risk for moderately premature babies born between 32-36 weeks. They were 2.7 times more at risk of bipolar disorder and 1.3 times more at risk of serious depression but not more likely to have an eating disorder.

Lead author Dr Chiara Nosarti, of the IoP
at King’s, said ‘We found a very strong link between premature birth
and a range of psychiatric disorders. 

‘Since we considered only the most severe cases that resulted in hospitalisation, it may be that in real terms this link is even stronger.

‘However, it is important to remember that even with the increased risk, these disorders still only affect between one and six per cent of the population.’

She said ‘We believe that the increased risk of mental disorders in those born very prematurely can be explained by subtle alterations of brain development.’

The team ruled out restricted growth or oxygen deprivation during delivery as possible causes.

Dr Nosarti said ‘The strongest association we found in this study was to mental health disorders known to have a strong biological basis, such as bipolar disorder, further adding to the theory that neurodevelopmental differences in those born prematurely may play an important role for later mental health.’

Approximately 1 in 13 children is born prematurely in the UK every year, and as a group they are more likely to require extra school support and be hospitalised with a variety of physical problems. 

Dr Nosarti said medical advances kept premature babies alive today who would not have survived 30 years ago.

She stressed most premature babies would not be affected by psychiatric illness, but it was important to identify children who might be susceptible as adults at an early stage.

They could be given extra support both pre-school and at school, she added, while doctors develop interventions to protect the brain when babies are born early such as head cooling.

Here’s what other readers have said. Why not add your thoughts,
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The comments below have not been moderated.

Please KEEP AWAY FROM THOSE BABIES. They would be doing JUST FINE if you didn’t try to get your pharmaceuticals into them as soon as you could. The medical industry’s hands are filthy, they try and target the most vulnerable in society.

Agree with nobody’s home. Why does the DM drag up these obvious and old stories, and promote them as News ?. It doesnt help those caring for a premature baby.

Paging Captain Obvious… Paging Captain Obvious… must be a slow news day..

it’s hardly out choice to end up with a premature baby. I did EVERYTHING right, I didn’t drink, I didn’t smoke, I ate healthily, I took my prenatal vitamins, I tried to take exercise and didn’t eat soft cheese or pate. And I still had a premature baby 14 weeks early because my cervix wasn’t strong enough. I certainly would never have chosen it. Silly scaremongering.

Tony B-liar must have been premature.

Having had three prem babies, all now adult , the fist now an airline pilot next two just completing uni…. I dont believe you can lump all prem babes together so blasé

As the mother of a child who was born prematurely, we worry enough about our offspring, with out having this tripe added to it.

Seems unfair to scare mum’s and dad’s across the country even more. Lots of other reasons why they might suffer more mental health problems too like bonding with parents – its very difficult when you can’t even hold your own baby for weeks after birth and some parents never bond properly. But also parental tobacco use, recreational drug use and alcoholism which is known to cause prematurity in the first place will have an affect on the child’s neurological development. It might be that the reasons why they are prem could be more significant than the fact that they are born early.

once out of mums cannabinoid factory aka the womb the child has to start making nuro building blocks for itself.. maybe the researchers should look at adding such lipid suplements to feeds. Its also noted that babys born prem tend to suffer from random pain this is also belived to be damage from the pain during all the invasive prossess used to keep the under developed child alive this pain syndrom usualy presents during late puberty.

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