Day Light Saving Time… Why Do We Have It?… The Truth May Surprise You!

 

Day-Light-Saving-Time-Money

Although most Americans will routinely turn their clocks ahead an
hour at 2 a.m. on March 11, 2012, polls show that the majority don’t
fully understand why they’re even doing it. ~ Leah Zerbe

 

Pop quiz time! True or false?

1. Daylight Saving Time helps us conserve energy.

2. Daylight Saving Time was developed to help farmers.

3. Daylight Saving Time unequivocally reduces traffic deaths.

The answer to all of these? False.

 

“Daylight Saving Time is so
confusing that everything we know about it is wrong,” explains Michael
Downing, author of Spring Forward: The Annual Madness of Daylight Saving Time.

Benjamin Franklin is credited with the original concept that came to
be known as Daylight Saving Time, when we “spring ahead,” or turn the
clocks ahead an hour around springtime. It was initially intended for
people to get the most out of the natural daylight so they could burn
fewer candles and later, use less electricity.

Through its implementation during World War I and II, during the
1970s oil embargo crisis, and even today, it’s been touted as an
energy-saving tool, which is why the practice was extended most recently
through the 2005 Energy Act.

The problem is the early studies
suggesting Daylight Saving Time could save energy
only looked at home electricity use. More recent reports also factor in
gasoline energy use, since people drive more when natural light remains
later in the day.

“When you give Americans more daylight at the end of
the day, they get into their cars,” Downing says. That’s why the
petroleum industry has been a longtime supporter of the time change, he
adds, noting the extended after-work sunlight hasn’t definitively been
proven to reduce traffic accidents, either, as sometimes claimed.

Beyond that, a 2008 University of California–Santa Barbara study
looking at Indiana—a state the resisted Daylight Saving Time until
2006—found that Daylight Saving Time actually increased residential
energy use to the tune of $8.6 million, with the biggest increase in
household energy occurring during the autumn months. (This study didn’t
even factor in gasoline use.)

OK, so the time change is a flop in terms of saving energy. At least
it helps the farmers, right? Not so much. “Farmers were vociferously
opposed to Daylight Saving Time. They hated it from the start,” explains
Downing. “Farmers really used morning sunlight. Turning the clocks
ahead had the effect of giving them one less hour of daylight.”

Even today, many farmers lament this time of year because it disrupts
their schedules and connection to the natural world.

“That dramatic
change from having the daylight in the morning to suddenly going back to
darkness, it’s kind of jolting,” says sustainable farmer Zach Lester,
cofounder of Tree and Leaf Farm
in Unionville, VA. His customers are affected by the change, too. When
Lester goes to market the Sunday morning following the time change,
shoppers generally start rolling in about an hour later.

So what is the point of Daylight Saving Time?

Money, money, money, money!

The Chamber of Commerce was an early supporter of extending
post-workday natural light because it knew factory workers were more
likely to go shopping following shift work if the sun was still shining.
Later on, people were more likely to fill up the tank and head to
sporting events or the mall, which to this day greatly benefits the oil
industry.

Because so much extra gas is sold during Daylight Saving Time, the
lobby representing convenience stores—places that sell tons of gas—are
among the biggest backers of keeping the time change intact.

Downing says the golf course industry also loves Daylight Saving Time
because it’s the one sport for which it still isn’t economical to use
artificial lighting to extend hours. “The golf industry makes about $200
to $400 million in extra greens fees during Daylight Saving Time,” he
notes.

While most of the country runs on Daylight Saving Time today, with
the exception of Hawaii, a state with nearly equal day length
year-round, and Arizona, which refuses to adopt it, things weren’t
always this uniform.

Initially adopted as a wartime-only policy, New York decided to bring
Daylight Saving Time back after World War I and adopted a metropolitan
Daylight Saving Time law for the city only in 1920.

Cities ran on it,
suburbs did not. “Because it was such a powerful influence on the
economy, almost every city from Chicago eastward immediately adopts it,”
Downing says.

By 1921, though, Massachusetts boasted the only statewide
policy, leaving a patchwork of times across the country for the next 10
years. “Trains are unable to keep schedule; all transportation is
thrown off by this,” Downing explains. “By 1965, 100 million Americans
are changing their clocks and 80 million are not.”

Time changes are more consistent now, but that doesn’t mean Daylight
Saving Time wreaks any less havoc on our bodies. People already dealing
with sleep problems, night-shift workers, and those living with Seasonal
Affected Disorder, or SAD, are most likely to have a harder time
bouncing back from the time change.

Generally, pushing the clocks ahead
an hour creates the same effect as crossing time zones, which is why
Downing says Daylight Saving Time is the perfect time to plan a
vacation, since your body’s internal clock will be thrown off anyway.

Although temporarily punishing on our bodies, it’s hard to deny the
benefit of what feels like longer days, no matter which industry is
benefiting financially. “Americans like the after-work available light
hours. That’s the key to Daylight Saving. People feel like it extends
their summers,” Downing says.

“Because we’re so far north of the equator, people fall in love with
Daylight Saving when they’re given it. They get attached to it,” he
adds. Because of that, there have been very few successful efforts to
get rid of it and, love it or hate it, Daylight Saving Time could be
here to stay.

 

Leah Zerbe – March 6, 2012 – Rodale

 

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