Torture broke CIA’s own ‘human experimentation’ rules – report

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) logo is displayed in the lobby of CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia (AFP Photo / Saul Loeb)

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) logo is displayed in the lobby of CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia (AFP Photo / Saul Loeb)

The CIA’s torture program had explicit guidelines on human experimentation from 1987, according to a report. But their regular practices, including participation of medical staff in torture sessions, may have violated those guidelines.

A document obtained by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
and published on Monday by the Guardian reveals
the Central Intelligence Agency was prohibited from conducting or
sponsoring research on human subjects without their consent. The
“Law and policy governing the conduct of intelligence activities”
was originally enacted in 1987, and was last updated in 2013.

CIA shall not sponsor, contract for, or conduct research on
human subjects except in accordance with guidelines issued by the
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
,” which
require “informed consent” of the subjects, the legal
document says.

However, it also grants the agency’s director the authority to
approve, modify, or disapprove all proposals pertaining to
human subject research
.”

CIA Director George Tenet used this authority to approve the use
of “enhanced interrogation techniques” (EIT) in the course of the
detention, rendition and interrogation program launched after
9/11. The techniques were developed by psychologists contracted
by the CIA, and included the infamous torture by waterboarding.
Tenet also ordered the agency’s Office of Medical Service (OMS)
personnel to oversee the interrogations.

READ MORE: Study accuses psychologists group of
complicity in CIA torture program

Tenet’s official instructions endorsing waterboarding also
commanded OMS staff to be present at interrogations. As a result,
they evaluated and extensively documented the torture sessions –
something experts interviewed by the Guardian said may have
crossed the line in human experimentation, by blurring the lines
between providing medical aid to subjects and keeping them
capable of enduring further abuse.

Appropriate medical or psychological personnel must be on
site during all detainee interrogations employing enhanced
techniques
,” Tenet wrote in January 2003. “In each case,
the medical and psychological staff shall suspend the
interrogation if they determine that significant and prolonged
physical or mental injury, pain or suffering is likely to result
if the interrogation is not suspended
.”

This instruction appears to be based on the agency’s experience
with waterboarding Abu Zubaydah in the summer of 2002. OMS
personnel were present during the interrogation, and helped
revive Zubaydah after he passed out.

Zubaydah “seems very resistant to the water board,” an
OMS official emailed in August 2002. “No useful information
so far … He did vomit a couple of times during the water board
with some beans and rice. It’s been 10 hours since he ate so this
is surprising and disturbing. We plan to only feed Ensure for a
while now. I’m head[ing] back for another water board
session
.”

READ MORE: 10 most shocking facts we found in CIA
torture report

OMS doctors also helped the agency’s interrogators evaluate and
calibrate “enhanced interrogation techniques,” the
agency’s preferred euphemism for torture of suspects in CIA
custody.

They also recommended changes in the environment the suspects
were held in. The Guardian mentions emails sent by OMS staff
assigned to CIA “black sites” with subject lines like: “Re:
acceptable lower ambient temperatures
.”

The document prohibiting human experimentation without consent
defines research as “both physical procedures by which data
are gathered and manipulation of the subject or the subject’s
environment that are performed for research purposes
.”

If they were abiding by this policy when EIT came up, they
wouldn’t have been allowed to do it
,” said Nathaniel
Raymond, a researcher with Harvard University’s Humanitarian
Initiative and former war crimes investigator with Physicians for
Human Rights. “Anyone in good faith would have known that was
human subject research.

Interestingly, the CIA remembered it was prohibited from
conducting human experimentation in 2003, when inspector-general
John Helgerson inquired whether torture was effective. Studies
into that, the agency replied to the Senate Intelligence
Committee, “would have been encumbered by a number of
factors,
” among them “federal policy on the protection
of human subjects
.”

Source Article from http://rt.com/usa/267295-cia-torture-human-experiments/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=RSS

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