Bioengineers develop dissolvable anti-HIV ‘tampon’

Image from flickr.com

Image from flickr.com

Women may have a new ‘knight in shining armor’ in the search for protection against HIV: A team of bioengineers are developing a dissolvable ‘tampon’ that delivers HIV-preventing medication minutes before having sex.

Currently, women must rely on men wearing condoms to protect
themselves from the virus. But there is a stigma
against using condoms
‒ men say rubbers decrease their
pleasure too much ‒ that often leaves women with the choice
between not having intercourse and unprotected sex.

But now researchers at the University of Washington have
published a preliminary study that uses fibers created by
electrospinning ‒ a process that uses an electrical charge to
pull tiny fibers from liquid ‒ in which they dissolve a polymer
that contains a drug currently used to treat symptoms of HIV ‒
maraviroc ‒ directly into the walls of the vagina. The team
explained that, when the fibers combine with moisture, they
quickly hydrate and dissolve to create a gel. During sex, the gel
would spread around the vagina, deliver the anti-HIV drug and
protect against HIV.These fibers could be incorporated into a
tampon-like applicator or a vaginal ring (similar to the
NuvaRing, which delivers localized birth control hormones).

The product could be a leap forward in topically applied HIV
protection methods, according to Medical News Today. Current
advancements in microbicides have focused on gels or films
containing HIV drugs that could be applied inside the vagina just
before sex. But the research team points out those drugs haven’t
done well in clinical trials because women find them difficult to
use.

Topical microbicides require high drug doses for maximum
efficacy. “The goal of achieving a high antiretroviral dose
is complicated by the need to simultaneously retain the dose and
quickly release drug compounds into the tissue,”
the UW
bioengineers said in their
abstract
.

“For drugs with limited solubility in vaginal gels,
increasing the gel volume to increase the dose can result in
leakage,”
the team added. “While solid dosage forms like
films and tablets increase retention, they often require more
than 15 minutes to fully dissolve, potentially increasing the
risk of inducing epithelial abrasions during sex.”

Studies in South Africa have already shown that using microbicide
gels as PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, can reduce HIV
transmission by about 54 percent, Healthline reported. The
advantage of the tampon-like applicator is that the fibers retain
a large amount of microbicides, yet dissolve quickly without
leaking. The UW researchers were able to develop sample fibers
where almost 30 percent of their total mass was made up of the
drug. By comparison, the researchers say that only around 3
percent of current microbicides’ mass consists of drugs.

“We envision a product that could dissolve, pretty much
instantaneously, into a gel and then spread around the vagina
during sex,”
Cameron Ball, lead author on the paper and a
doctoral student in bioengineering at UW, told
The Huffington Post
.

“We want something that dissolves quickly so that people can
say, ‘Hey, I wasn’t planning on it, but I’m going to have sex in
five minutes so I need to use this product, and I want it to be
completely dissolved before that’,”
he added.

Ball and his team are still looking for funding to continue their
research. Their next step is to test the product on rabbits for
safety and effectiveness, he told Healthline. The use of
maraviroc saves them some time, as the drug has been approved by
the US Food and Drug Administration. The polymer fibers are also
widely used by the pharmaceutical industry already.

“It would probably take five years to get into a clinical
study phase, with humans, and then depending on how that goes, it
would probably take up to another five years before these types
of things might be seen on the shelf of a local Walgreens or
CVS,”
Ball told The Huffington Post.

But once that happens, he believes gynecologists and patients
will quickly adopt the product. “Everyone gets excited when
they hold it,”
Ball told
Healthline
.

The eventual goal is to develop a tampon that would prevent
against HIV, herpes and pregnancy. “This could prove
especially useful in developing countries, where women may not
have easy access to other kinds of birth control,”

Healthline reported.

They are also working on a version of their product for rectal
use, Ball said.

“We think the fiber platform technology has the capability of
being developed into multifunctional medical fabrics that
address, simultaneously, challenges related to biological
efficacy and user preferences,”
Kim Woodrow, an assistant
professor of bioengineering and an author of the study, told
Medical
News Today
.


Source Article from http://rt.com/usa/179884-hiv-prevention-dissolvable-drug-tampon/

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