Study: Poor Sleep Habits Could Increase Risk of Obesity or Diabetes

A new study published on Wednesday in the journal Science Translational Medicine has concluded that people who sleep too little or have disrupted sleep have a higher risk of becoming obese or diabetic. The study, which was conducted by researchers at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, involved putting 21 participants in isolation for six weeks.

Here is some of the key information to emerge from the study.

* Researchers did not allow participants any outside contact or influences, such as Internet access or phone calls.

* Anything that would tell the participants the time of day, such as a wristwatch or alarm clock, was banned as well.

* The study began with one week of so-called “optimal” sleep of at least eight hours per night. The researchers then began severely limiting and disrupting the sleep patterns of the participants, allowing on average a little less than six hours of sleep per 24 hour period for three weeks. Then the participants were allowed a nine-day “recovery” period where they were allowed to get proper sleep again.

* Researchers took measurements of certain metabolic indicators both during the three-week sleep deprivation period and the nine-day recovery period. Indicators included glucose and insulin levels, as well as the person’s overall metabolic rate, according to the Los Angeles Times’ Booster Shots.

* The participants were split into two age groups—one where all the participants had an average age of 23, and one where the participants had an average age of 60. The metabolic effects and recovery were virtually the same in both age groups, and regardless of gender.

* On average, the participants had an 8 percent drop in their metabolic rate during the three weeks of disrupted and deficient sleep. This would be enough, the researchers said, for a person to gain approximately 10 to 12 extra pounds a year, without actually eating any more food, making it much easier for someone to become obese over time.

* In addition, participants experienced a significant drop in their insulin levels, of up to 32 percent, which caused a corresponding spike in their blood sugar levels, according to WebMD. After the sleep disruption/deprivation period, some participants had blood sugar levels that would classify them as pre-diabetic.

* The dip in participants’ metabolic rate and insulin levels corrected itself after a period of normal sleep.

* Researchers who worked on the study warn that their findings don’t just apply to people who don’t allow themselves to get enough sleep or who have trouble getting enough good sleep, but also to people who do what is referred to as “shift work,” or work that takes place at least partially during hours that others would normally be sleeping.

Vanessa Evans is a musician and freelance writer based in Michigan, with a lifelong interest in health and nutrition issues.

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