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March 27th, 2012 
FAKE NEWS for the Zionist agenda TUESDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) — Aiming to cut back on
unnecessary red blood cell transfusions, the American Association of Blood
Banks has issued new recommendations that raise the bar for when patients
should be considered in need of fresh blood.
The guidelines seek to clarify the level at which a patient’s red blood
cell count can be viewed as dangerously low, thereby triggering a
transfusion.
An individual’s red blood cell count level or “hemoglobin threshold” is
deemed “healthy” when registering between 12 to 14 grams per deciliter.
That hasn’t changed.
However, until now physicians would sometimes view patients with a
hemoglobin threshold of 9 or 10 as being anemic enough to require a
transfusion.
But after an extensive review of the latest research, the association
decided that such a “liberal” transfusion policy offered no additional
protective health benefit to patients, and that most would do just as well
if the threshold for transfusions was restricted to a lower level of 7 or
8 grams per deciliter in hospitalized, stable patients.
“We evaluated the medical evidence as to what patients are benefiting
from more or less blood, and in what kind of circumstances and in what
kinds of patients,” said Dr. Jeffrey Carson, chairman of the
recommendations committee. “And the evidence said that we can use less
blood in certain settings: patients who are in the intensive care unit,
patients who undergo most forms of surgery and even in patients who have
preexisting heart problems.”
Carson also serves as chief of the division of general internal
medicine at University of Medicine Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School. The new guidelines appear online March 27 in
the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Currently, red blood cell transfusion can become necessary when levels
of hemoglobin — which carries oxygen and is the principal ingredient in
red blood cells — drop below optimal levels of 12 to 14 grams per
deciliter. This can happen, for example, as a result of blood loss in
surgery.
At issue is the need to balance the potential benefits of transfusions
against the potential risks. The association said that while transfusions
can prolong a patient’s lifespan, increase mobility and shorten hospital
stays, there remains a relatively low but nonetheless present risk for
infection, for “overloading” the patient with blood, and for allergic
reactions or lung injuries.
“So the difference today,” Carson added, “is that now we really have
accumulated enough high quality evidence that we can be more definitive
about what is best to do.”
The expert panel analyzed research published between 1950 and 2011. The
team stacked up red cell transfusion cases, the hemoglobin thresholds
followed, and the amount of blood used in such transfusions against a
range of related medical issues, including death, heart attacks, strokes,
kidney failure, infection, bleeding, mental confusion, recovery time and
hospital stay.
The result: Patients who underwent transfusions at higher hemoglobin
levels of 9 or 10 grams per deciliter fared no better than those who
underwent them at more restrictive levels of 7 or 8.
Though physicians are encouraged to judge on a case-by-case basis and
also consider symptoms of anemia, the recommendations encourage doctors to
only consider a transfusion at a hemoglobin level of 7 grams per deciliter
for intensive care patients and at 8 for most other patients.
Dr. Darrell Triulzi, president of the blood bank association, suggested
that the goal has been to find the sweet spot for patient care and public
health.
“With transfusions, the risk that we used to be really concerned about
was HIV and hepatitis infection,” he noted. “But today that risk is very
low. Less than one in a million. However, noninfectious risks of
transfusion are far more common. Probably 10 to 100 times more common than
any viral transfusion risk. So there’s still good reason to not
expose a patient to the risks of a transfusion without any evidence that
they will benefit from it.”
“And if anything,” Triulzi said, “the research indicates that some
patients might actually fare better without undergoing a transfusion,
depending on their circumstance. And at the very least we know with
certainty that at these lower thresholds they won’t do worse.”
At least one expert believes the new guidelines focus too little on the
individual patient. Dr. Jean-Louis Vincent, professor of intensive care
at Erasme Hospital Free University of Brussels, wrote in an accompanying
journal editorial that basing the decision to transfuse on hemoglobin
levels alone is insufficient.
“Transfusion decisions need to consider individual patient
characteristics, including age and the presence of [coronary artery
disease] to estimate a specific patient’s likelihood of benefit from
transfusion,” Vincent wrote. “The decision to transfuse is too complex and
important to be based guided by a single number.”
More information
For more on blood transfusions, visit the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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