Amazon Tribe Gives Clues to Heart-Healthy Lifestyles

FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) — Investigating indigenous Amazonian
or African peoples who still follow a hunter-gatherer or
forager-horticulturist lifestyle is giving new insights into how diet and
lifestyle affect the heart as humans age.

Two new studies found that these types of hunter-gatherer or foraging
peoples have lower increases in blood pressure related to their age and
are less likely to have hardening of the arteries than people with more
modern lifestyles.

Lifestyle factors such as high levels of physical activity and large
amounts of fruits and vegetables — and low calories — in their diets may
help protect these groups against those health problems, the researchers
said.

The studies appeared online May 21 in the journal
Hypertension.

One study looked at nearly 2,300 adults in 82 Tsimane villages in
Bolivia’s Amazon basin. Tsimane people live in the lowlands and are
forager-horticulturists who live on plantains, rice, corn, manioc, fish
and hunted game.

The researchers found that about 3 percent of Tsimane adults have high
blood pressure, compared with 33.5 percent of U.S. adults. Worldwide, 52
other societies have blood pressures two to eight times higher than the
Tsimane. Blood pressures among Americans are two to four times higher.

“The Tsimane living conditions are similar to those of our ancestors,
with greater exposure to pathogens, active lifestyle, high fertility and
traditional diet. Studying chronic diseases in these populations can be
very insightful,” study author Michael Gurven, an anthropology professor
and chairman of the Integrative Anthropological Sciences Unit at the
University of California-Santa Barbara, said in a journal news
release.

In the second study, researchers found that the risk of hardening of
the arteries (atherosclerosis) was about 20 percent lower in traditional
hunter-gatherer Pygmies in the equatorial forests of Cameroon compared to
nearby semi-urbanized Pygmies and farmers known as the Bantou.

“Our study shows that the effect of aging on atherosclerosis is blunted
by a traditional lifestyle,” lead author Dr. Daniel Lemogoum, a
cardiologist at the Hypertension Clinic at Erasme Hospital Free University
of Brussels, in Belgium, said in the release.

“By focusing our attention on people with very different lifestyles
from our own, we might better be able to understand that maintaining heart
health is possible even as we age,” Lemogoum added.

More information

The U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute has more about atherosclerosis.

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