In Mice, Cancer Drug Shows Effect on Alzheimer’s Symptoms

THURSDAY, Feb. 9 (HealthDay News) —
The cancer drug bexarotene quickly eliminates Alzheimer’s
disease-associated amyloid beta from the brain and reverses memory
problems in mice, a new study finds.

The results suggest that bexarotene could possibly help the
approximately 5.4 million Americans with Alzheimer’s disease, according to
the neuroscientists at Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine.

However, while studies involving animals can be useful, they often fail
to produce similar results in humans.

Bexarotene is approved in the United States to treat skin problems
caused by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

The body’s inability to clear amyloid beta from the brain is a major
factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a
university news release. Previous research showed that the main
cholesterol carrier in the brain, apolipoprotein E (ApeE), plays an
important role in clearing amyloid beta proteins.

In this study, the researchers found that bexarotene increased ApoE
expression, and the elevated levels of ApoE boosted clearance of amyloid
beta from the brain. Bexarotene stimulates retinoid X receptors (RXR),
which are proteins that control the production of ApoE.

Within six hours of receiving bexarotene, soluble amyloid levels in the
mice fell by 25 percent and the effect lasted for three days. This
decrease was associated with rapid improvement in a wide number of
behaviors in mice with Alzheimer’s, according to the release.

In addition, bexarotene treatment also rapidly stimulated the removal
of amyloid plaques from the brain, the researchers said. The plaques are
accumulations of amyloid that form in the brain and are a hallmark of
Alzheimer’s disease.

“This is a particularly exciting and rewarding study because of the new
science we have discovered and the potential promise of a therapy for
Alzheimer’s disease,” study senior author Gary Landreth, a professor of
neurosciences, said in a university news release.

“We need to be clear; the drug works quite well in mouse models of the
disease. Our next objective is to ascertain if it acts similarly in
humans. We are at an early stage in translating this basic science
discovery into a treatment,” he added.

The study appeared Feb. 9 in the journal Science.

More information

The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more about Alzheimer’s disease.

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